BUD501 MW1 Valid Cognition Ch 1-3

Question 1

Mind (rational)

Lo བལོ་ (sems སེམས་ yid ཡིད་)
Buddhi बुद्धि (citta चित्त manas मनस्)

Answer 1

That which is clear and aware

(Clear refers to immaterial and luminous)

gsal zhing rig pa

Düdra 30

Question 2

Consciousness

Shepa ཤེས་པ་ (namshe རྣམ་ཤེས་)
Jñāna ज्ञान (vijñāna विज्ञान)

Answer 2

That which is aware of objects

yul rig pa

Düdra 12

Modern Psychology
That which is aware of ourselves and our environment.

Question 3

Awareness

Rigpa རིག་པ་
saṃvedanā संवेदना

Answer 3

That which experiences objects of comprehension

gzhal bya myong ba

Düdra 31

Question 4

Specifically characterized phenomena

Rang mtshan རང་མཚན་
Svalakṣaṇa स्वलक्षण

Answer 4

That which is ultimately able to perform a function

An object of direct sense perception (nonconceptual mind)

don dam par don byed nus pas

Düdra 10

Question 5

Generally characterized phenomena

Spyi mtshan སྤྱི་མཚན་
Sāmānyalakṣaṇa सामान्यलक्षण

Answer 5

That which cannot ultimately perform a function.

An object of conceptual mind (indirect experience)

don dam par don byed mi nus pa

Düdra 59

Question 6

Valid cognition

Tshad ma ཚད་མ་
Pramāṇa प्रमाण

Answer 6

A new and undeceiving awareness
(fresh nonmistaken awareness - absolute point of view)

An awareness that clarifies what was not known previously
(dispels wrong notions - relative point of view)

1. Sense
2. Mental
3. Self-aware
4. Yogic

Question 7

Direct Valid Cognition

Answer 7

A nonconceptual and nonmistaken awareness

Question 8

Sense direct valid cognition

Answer 8

A nonconceptual and nonmistaken awareness, arisen on the basis of its own uncommon dominant condition, a physical sense faculty.

Question 9

Seeming Reality

Answer 9

1. Phenomena for which it is possible that the minds which apprehend them are cancelled when these phenomena are physically destroyed or mentally broken down into their individual parts.
2. A phenomena that is established as merely conceptually imputed.

Equivalents:
Generally characterized phenomena

Modern Psychology
Seeing is believing, but believing us seeing. Implicit bias involved. And the ideas of proximity, continuity, closure, association and constancy are involved in perception. Millions of bits of data appearing every second. Only consciously register about 40 at a time (selective attention and inattention)

Question 10

Ultimate Reality

Answer 10

1. Phenomena for which it is impossible that the minds which apprehend them are cancelled, even when one attempts to physically destroy these phenomena or mentally break them down into individual parts.
2. A phenomena that does not depend on imputations through terms or conceptions, but is established from its own side as something that withstands analysis through reasoning.

“Partless particles, momentary partless consciousness indivisible in duration”, unconditioned space (higher views state “timeless time-4th time”)

Equivalent terms:
Specifically Characterized Phenomena
What is substantially existent

Question 11

Partless Particles

Answer 11

The smallest particle of matter that cannot be physically or mentally broken down.

Question 12

Indivisible Moments of Mind

Answer 12

The smallest instant of mind that is indivisible in terms of moments of time.