Bristol Case Study (condensed) Flashcards
Where is Bristol located?
- southwest of England
- lies approximately 120 miles west of London
- at the confluence of the Rivers Frome and Avon
What cities is Bristol close to?
Bristol is near the historic cities of Bath to the southeast and Gloucester to the northeast
What is the economic importance of Bristol?
- Major global companies such as Airbus, Rolls- Royce and the BBC have significant bases in Bristol
- The city has a high level of inward investment, in manufacturing, finance and hi-tech business
What is the educational importance of Bristol?
Bristol is home to two major universities which also attract international students
What is the cultural importance of Bristol?
The city is known for its thriving arts scene, with a rich history in music, film, and theatre
What is the historical importance of Bristol?
- played a significant role in England’s maritime history
- during the height of the British Empire, it was a major port for trade and a departure point for exploratory voyages.
What is the transport importance of Bristol?
- a major seaport
- an international airport
- good rail and road connections to other parts of the UK and the wider world
What does the DPA do?
- supplies army, navy and airforce
- creates demand for housing
How many people does the DPA employ?
employs 10,000 people
How many of the main global aircraft companies are found in Bristol?
14/15 of the main global aircraft companies found in Bristol
How is the aerospace industry important in Bristol?
supply chains grown to supply high – tech companies
What is Aardman Animations well-known for
Aardman Animations – became well – known for using stop motion clay animation techniques,
wallace and gromit
- won BAFTA
What is the government providing Bristol?
Government grant of £100 million to become super-connected city with high speed broadband
What entertainment is available in Bristol?
nightclubs, bars, music, theatres
How is Bristol connected to sport?
- home to two professional football clubs - City and Rovers
- has a rugby union team
- HQ Gloucestershire County Cricket
What shopping centres are found in Bristol?
Causeway and Cabot Circus
What is available at Bristol Harbourside?
bars, nightclubs, cultural venues, Art gallery, museum and science centre
How many people does the Bristol Harbourside festival attract?
Harbourside festival attracts 300,000 spectators
When did Cabot Circus open and how much did it cost?
Opened in 2008, cost $500 million
What does Cabot Circus contain (+how many apartments?)
- shops and leisure facilities
- offices, cinema, hotel and 250 apartments
What are the benefits of migration?
- Hard working and motivated workforce
- Enriching city’s cultural life and diversity
- Mainly young migrants help to balance ageing population
What are the negatives of migration?
- increase in waste generation and resource consumption
- puts pressure on public services
- Housing provision has not kept pace with population growth
- Integration into wider community
How has Bristol’s population changed?
- rapid growth
- ethnically diverse population resulting from high levels of migration
How many people live within 50km of Bristol?
Over 2 million people live within 50km of Bristol
How has Bristol’s connectivity recently improved?
Bristol’s connectivity has improved with a second River Severn crossing and improvements to motorways in the area
How does Bristol aim to expand job opportunities in low-carbon industries?
Bristol is dedicated to expanding job opportunities in low-carbon industries, aiming to increase the current 9,000 jobs to 17,000 by 2030
What is the current annual growth of the green economy in Bristol?
The green economy within the city has shown promising growth, with a current annual rate as high as 4.7%
When did Bristol achieve European Green Capital?
2015
In Bristol’s year as green capital how many business established a ‘green’ action plan?
175 businesses established a ‘Green’ action plan
In Bristol’s year as green capital how many electric car charging points did the city install?
The city installed its first 100 electric car charging points
In Bristol’s year as green capital by what % did renewable energy use go up?
Renewable energy use has increased from 2%
In Bristol’s year as green capital what did Bristol do?
- Increase use of brownfield sites
- Improve energy efficiency
What do integrated transport systems do?
Integrated transport systems encourages public transport use, which makes transport more sustainable and reduces traffic congestion
What new rail improvements have occurred in Bristol?
New rail improvements include the electrification of rail line to London, which makes transport greener and improves connections - takes 30mins to reach London
How much of Bristol is open space?
more than 1/3
How many nature reserves and parks does Bristol have?
8 nature reserves and 300 parks
What was Queen Square converted to in Bristol?
Queen Square was converted from a dual carriageway to open space
with cycle routes
What plans have been made to increase the urban greening of Bristol?
Plans have been made to cover 30% of Bristol with trees, and 27% associated with a wildlife network
What is Stoke Croft?
- An inner-city area with housing once built for industrial workers
- Housing became derelict
- Problems with squatters, riots and antisocial behavior
How is Stoke Croft being improved?
- City Council obtained lottery grants to help improve area
- Activists and artists want to revitalise area through community action and public art
Urban sprawl:
outward physical growth of a city is known as urban sprawl
How is Bradley Stoke an example of urban sprawl?
the establishment of the new town of Bradley Stoke, situated roughly 9 km
northeast of the city centre, has extended the city into South Gloucestershire
What impact does urban sprawl have on the environment?
Impact on rural-urban fringe - loss of rural landscapes and the effects on wildlife
biodiversity and habitats, increasing traffic congestion levels, noise, and air pollution
What factors in Bristol have contributed to urban sprawl as a result of urban change?
- The city’s rapidly growing population, primarily driven by migration from within the
UK and overseas - The scarcity of affordable housing in the city centre
- A competitive demand for land on brownfield sites in the city centre (for industrial,
retail, and office uses) led to a steep rise in land prices - Upgrades to transport infrastructure, facilitating easier commuting into the city
centre - A preference among many people to reside in quieter, less polluted semi-rural
areas
How can urban sprawl be reduce?
Developing brownfield sites such as Harbourside
Between 2006 and 2013 what % of housing developments were on Greenfield sites?
Between 2006 and 2013, only 6% of new housing developments were on greenfield
sites
What is the difference between the waste produced per head in Bristol and the UK average?
The amount of waste produced per head in Bristol is 23% lower than the UK average
How much waste does Bristol produce per year?
Bristol produces half a million tonnes of
waste per year
What is Bristol like in terms of food waste?
it is among the worst cities in the country in terms of the amount of food waste it produces
How many homes does non-recyclable waster generate electricity for?
- Any non-recyclable waste is used to generate electricity
- It supplies nearly 25,000 homes in the Bristol area.
How many tonnes of waste does the Avonmouth waste treatment plan treat per year?
The Avonmouth waste treatment plant treats 200,000 tonnes of waste per year
How is income generated through waste disposal?
Income is generated when recycled materials are sent to reprocessing plants
What is the main cause of atmospheric pollution in Bristol?
vehicle emissions
How many people die prematurely each year in Bristol because of air pollution?
An estimated 200 people die prematurely each year in Bristol, as a result of air pollution
What actions have been taken to improve the air quality in Bristol?
- the Frome Gateway, a walking and cycling route to the city centre
- an electric vehicle programme
- a smartphone app with information about public transport services, connections and delays
What is housing in Filwood like and who are they owned by?
- Homes are owner occupied or rented from city council
- Poorly insulated
What is the life expectancy in Filwood?
Life expectancy 78 years –
lower than UK average
What are the death rates in Filwood from cancer like?
Death rates from cancer above
average
What is the participation in social activities like in Filwood?
Bristol’s lowest participation rates in sport and creative activities
How many students got top GCSE grade in Filwood in 2013?
In 2013, only 36% of students got top GCSE grades
What proportion of people 16-24 are unemployed in Filwood?
1/3 of people ages 16-24 unemployed
What proportion of children live in low-income housing in Filwood?
1⁄2 children live in low-income households
What is the housing like in Stoke Bishop and what % of it is owner occupied?
- 81% owner occupied
- Includes Sneyd Park – home to many millionaires
What is the life expectancy like in Stoke Bishop?
Life expectancy 83 years – above UK average
What are the death rates like in Stoke Bishop?
Death rates better than average
What % of the population in Stoke Bishop have a degree or equivalent?
50% of population have degree
or equivalent
What % of students got the highest grades in their GCSEs in Stoke Bishop?
94% got highest grades in 5 or
more GCSEs
What % of people are unemployed in Stoke Bishop?
3% of people unemployed
What % of children live in poverty in Stoke Bishop?
Fewer than 4% of children live
in poverty
Advantages of brownfield sites!
- Existing buildings but to use
- Land often disused or derelict so would improve the land
- Urban sprawl and car use for commuting reduced
Disadvantages of brownfield sites:
- Expensive to build on
- Sites may be contaminated from previous industrial use
What was Bristol Harbourside like before regeneration?
- many listed buildings were left unused when industries closed around Bristol docks
- Industrial buildings were then used for housing, leisure and culture
How long did the regeneration of Bristol Harbourside take?
Regeneration took 40 years
What is an example of developing a brownfield site?
Bristol Harbourside
How many homes were built on Harry Stoke and home many more were planned?
1,200 homes built with 2,000 more planned by 2017
What did locals do about the planned new buildings on Harry Stoke and why?
- locals objected to the development of 2,000 homes for 2016-2017
- They were concerned about increased congestion and thus more noise and air pollution, loss of habitats, loss of open space and the effect on local flood risk
What is an example of development of a Greenfield site?
Harry Stoke
Urban regeneration:
involves redeveloping and revitalising areas that have experienced urban decay or decline
What processes are a part of urban regeneration?
processes can include installing modern facilities in old buildings (known as renewal) or opting for redevelopment (i.e. demolishing existing buildings to create brownfield sites for new developments)
What is the aim of urban regelation?
aim is to improve these areas’ physical, economic, and social conditions, making them more vibrant and attractive to residents, businesses, and visitors
What areas of Bristol had become run-down and derelict?
- in Bristol, old industrial areas near the railway station and port had become rundown
- docks and industrial buildings became derelict as the port facility moved to Avonmouth
Where is the Temple Quarter located?
- The Temple Quarter is an area located in Bristol, England.
- It is situated southeast of Bristol city centre, around the Temple Meads railway station
What is the Temple Quarter named after?
The area is named after the historic Temple Church located within its boundaries
When did much of Temple Quarter become an Enterprise Zone and what did this mean for the area?
Much of the area became an Enterprise Zone in 2012, meaning it qualified for government money to support regeneration
What were the challenges with regenerating the Temple Quarter?
- Securing funding: The scale and complexity of the project required significant financial investment
- Balancing interests: Different stakeholders had varied interests and goals, requiring careful negotiation and compromise
- Infrastructure challenges: The redevelopment of infrastructure, particularly around a busy railway station, was technically challenging and disruptive
- Maintaining heritage: Protecting and preserving the area’s historical elements while allowing for modern redevelopment posed a significant challenge
- Environmental damage: Pollution left by industrial waste and other contaminants
What area does the Enterprise Zone in Bristol cover and how large is it?
- An area covering 72 hectares became an Enterprise Zone in 2012
- It is the UK’s largest Enterprise Zone
What are businesses in the Enterprise Zone offered?
offered incentives for businesses to relocate, including tax relief and low rents
How was the railway station in Temple Quarter regenerated?
Temple Meeds was redeveloped into a modern transport hub key for the city
How were education facilities in Temple Quarter improved?
- University of Bristol’s new campus: The establishment of a new campus focused on digital and business technologies
- accommodation for 1500 students
- It includes Brunel’s Engine Shed
How was green infrastructure improved in the regeneration of Temple Quarter?
Emphasis was placed on creating green spaces and promoting sustainable and energy-efficient construction
What is under construction as part of the regeneration of Temple Quarter?
- Bristol arena under construction – used for concerts, conventions, exhibitions, sporting events
- will bring 500 jobs and boost economy by £60mn annually
How has the Enterprise Zone and regeneration of the Temple Quarter economically benefitted it?
- economic growth - creation of the Enterprise Zone has attracted significant business investment and created new jobs
How many jobs have been create in the last 25 years as a result of the regeneration of Temple Quarter?
4,000 jobs have been created as part of the plan to create 17,000 jobs over 25 years
How many firms have moved to Temple Quarter as a result of its regeneration?
almost 400 firms from the creative, digital and green industries have moved into the area
How did the Temple Quarter regeneration improve its connectivity?
improved connectivity - transport and accessibility improvements have better integrated the area with the wider city
What new infrastructure was created as a result of the Temple Quarter regeneration?
New bridge across river avon
How has the sustainability of Temple Quarter been improved as a result of its regeneration?
The emphasis on green and energy- efficient construction has contributed to Bristol’s reputation as a green city
How has the vibrancy of Temple Quarter changed as a result of its regeneration?
Increased vibrancy - adding housing, recreational spaces, and cultural attractions has enhanced the area’s vibrancy and liveability
