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AQA GCSE Geography > Bristol Case Study (condensed) > Flashcards

Bristol Case Study (condensed) Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Bristol located?

A
  • southwest of England
  • lies approximately 120 miles west of London
  • at the confluence of the Rivers Frome and Avon
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2
Q

What cities is Bristol close to?

A

Bristol is near the historic cities of Bath to the southeast and Gloucester to the northeast

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3
Q

What is the economic importance of Bristol?

A
  • Major global companies such as Airbus, Rolls- Royce and the BBC have significant bases in Bristol
  • The city has a high level of inward investment, in manufacturing, finance and hi-tech business
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4
Q

What is the educational importance of Bristol?

A

Bristol is home to two major universities which also attract international students

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5
Q

What is the cultural importance of Bristol?

A

The city is known for its thriving arts scene, with a rich history in music, film, and theatre

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6
Q

What is the historical importance of Bristol?

A
  • played a significant role in England’s maritime history
  • during the height of the British Empire, it was a major port for trade and a departure point for exploratory voyages.
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7
Q

What is the transport importance of Bristol?

A
  • a major seaport
  • an international airport
  • good rail and road connections to other parts of the UK and the wider world
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8
Q

What does the DPA do?

A
  • supplies army, navy and airforce
  • creates demand for housing
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9
Q

How many people does the DPA employ?

A

employs 10,000 people

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10
Q

How many of the main global aircraft companies are found in Bristol?

A

14/15 of the main global aircraft companies found in Bristol

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11
Q

How is the aerospace industry important in Bristol?

A

supply chains grown to supply high – tech companies

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12
Q

What is Aardman Animations well-known for

A

Aardman Animations – became well – known for using stop motion clay animation techniques,
wallace and gromit
- won BAFTA

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13
Q

What is the government providing Bristol?

A

Government grant of £100 million to become super-connected city with high speed broadband

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14
Q

What entertainment is available in Bristol?

A

nightclubs, bars, music, theatres

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15
Q

How is Bristol connected to sport?

A
  • home to two professional football clubs - City and Rovers
  • has a rugby union team
  • HQ Gloucestershire County Cricket
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16
Q

What shopping centres are found in Bristol?

A

Causeway and Cabot Circus

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17
Q

What is available at Bristol Harbourside?

A

bars, nightclubs, cultural venues, Art gallery, museum and science centre

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18
Q

How many people does the Bristol Harbourside festival attract?

A

Harbourside festival attracts 300,000 spectators

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19
Q

When did Cabot Circus open and how much did it cost?

A

Opened in 2008, cost $500 million

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20
Q

What does Cabot Circus contain (+how many apartments?)

A
  • shops and leisure facilities
  • offices, cinema, hotel and 250 apartments
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21
Q

What are the benefits of migration?

A
  • Hard working and motivated workforce
  • Enriching city’s cultural life and diversity
  • Mainly young migrants help to balance ageing population
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22
Q

What are the negatives of migration?

A
  • increase in waste generation and resource consumption
  • puts pressure on public services
  • Housing provision has not kept pace with population growth
  • Integration into wider community
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23
Q

How has Bristol’s population changed?

A
  • rapid growth
  • ethnically diverse population resulting from high levels of migration
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24
Q

How many people live within 50km of Bristol?

A

Over 2 million people live within 50km of Bristol

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25
Q

How has Bristol’s connectivity recently improved?

A

Bristol’s connectivity has improved with a second River Severn crossing and improvements to motorways in the area

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26
Q

How does Bristol aim to expand job opportunities in low-carbon industries?

A

Bristol is dedicated to expanding job opportunities in low-carbon industries, aiming to increase the current 9,000 jobs to 17,000 by 2030

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27
Q

What is the current annual growth of the green economy in Bristol?

A

The green economy within the city has shown promising growth, with a current annual rate as high as 4.7%

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28
Q

When did Bristol achieve European Green Capital?

A

2015

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29
Q

In Bristol’s year as green capital how many business established a ‘green’ action plan?

A

175 businesses established a ‘Green’ action plan

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30
Q

In Bristol’s year as green capital how many electric car charging points did the city install?

A

The city installed its first 100 electric car charging points

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31
Q

In Bristol’s year as green capital by what % did renewable energy use go up?

A

Renewable energy use has increased from 2%

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32
Q

In Bristol’s year as green capital what did Bristol do?

A
  • Increase use of brownfield sites
  • Improve energy efficiency
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33
Q

What do integrated transport systems do?

A

Integrated transport systems encourages public transport use, which makes transport more sustainable and reduces traffic congestion

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34
Q

What new rail improvements have occurred in Bristol?

A

New rail improvements include the electrification of rail line to London, which makes transport greener and improves connections - takes 30mins to reach London

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35
Q

How much of Bristol is open space?

A

more than 1/3

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36
Q

How many nature reserves and parks does Bristol have?

A

8 nature reserves and 300 parks

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37
Q

What was Queen Square converted to in Bristol?

A

Queen Square was converted from a dual carriageway to open space
with cycle routes

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38
Q

What plans have been made to increase the urban greening of Bristol?

A

Plans have been made to cover 30% of Bristol with trees, and 27% associated with a wildlife network

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39
Q

What is Stoke Croft?

A
  • An inner-city area with housing once built for industrial workers
  • Housing became derelict
  • Problems with squatters, riots and antisocial behavior
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40
Q

How is Stoke Croft being improved?

A
  • City Council obtained lottery grants to help improve area
  • Activists and artists want to revitalise area through community action and public art
41
Q

Urban sprawl:

A

outward physical growth of a city is known as urban sprawl

42
Q

How is Bradley Stoke an example of urban sprawl?

A

the establishment of the new town of Bradley Stoke, situated roughly 9 km
northeast of the city centre, has extended the city into South Gloucestershire

43
Q

What impact does urban sprawl have on the environment?

A

Impact on rural-urban fringe - loss of rural landscapes and the effects on wildlife
biodiversity and habitats, increasing traffic congestion levels, noise, and air pollution

44
Q

What factors in Bristol have contributed to urban sprawl as a result of urban change?

A
  • The city’s rapidly growing population, primarily driven by migration from within the
    UK and overseas
  • The scarcity of affordable housing in the city centre
  • A competitive demand for land on brownfield sites in the city centre (for industrial,
    retail, and office uses) led to a steep rise in land prices
  • Upgrades to transport infrastructure, facilitating easier commuting into the city
    centre
  • A preference among many people to reside in quieter, less polluted semi-rural
    areas
45
Q

How can urban sprawl be reduce?

A

Developing brownfield sites such as Harbourside

46
Q

Between 2006 and 2013 what % of housing developments were on Greenfield sites?

A

Between 2006 and 2013, only 6% of new housing developments were on greenfield
sites

47
Q

What is the difference between the waste produced per head in Bristol and the UK average?

A

The amount of waste produced per head in Bristol is 23% lower than the UK average

48
Q

How much waste does Bristol produce per year?

A

Bristol produces half a million tonnes of
waste per year

49
Q

What is Bristol like in terms of food waste?

A

it is among the worst cities in the country in terms of the amount of food waste it produces

50
Q

How many homes does non-recyclable waster generate electricity for?

A
  • Any non-recyclable waste is used to generate electricity
  • It supplies nearly 25,000 homes in the Bristol area.
51
Q

How many tonnes of waste does the Avonmouth waste treatment plan treat per year?

A

The Avonmouth waste treatment plant treats 200,000 tonnes of waste per year

52
Q

How is income generated through waste disposal?

A

Income is generated when recycled materials are sent to reprocessing plants

53
Q

What is the main cause of atmospheric pollution in Bristol?

A

vehicle emissions

54
Q

How many people die prematurely each year in Bristol because of air pollution?

A

An estimated 200 people die prematurely each year in Bristol, as a result of air pollution

55
Q

What actions have been taken to improve the air quality in Bristol?

A
  • the Frome Gateway, a walking and cycling route to the city centre
  • an electric vehicle programme
  • a smartphone app with information about public transport services, connections and delays
56
Q

What is housing in Filwood like and who are they owned by?

A
  • Homes are owner occupied or rented from city council
  • Poorly insulated
57
Q

What is the life expectancy in Filwood?

A

Life expectancy 78 years –
lower than UK average

58
Q

What are the death rates in Filwood from cancer like?

A

Death rates from cancer above
average

59
Q

What is the participation in social activities like in Filwood?

A

Bristol’s lowest participation rates in sport and creative activities

60
Q

How many students got top GCSE grade in Filwood in 2013?

A

In 2013, only 36% of students got top GCSE grades

61
Q

What proportion of people 16-24 are unemployed in Filwood?

A

1/3 of people ages 16-24 unemployed

62
Q

What proportion of children live in low-income housing in Filwood?

A

1⁄2 children live in low-income households

63
Q

What is the housing like in Stoke Bishop and what % of it is owner occupied?

A
  • 81% owner occupied
  • Includes Sneyd Park – home to many millionaires
64
Q

What is the life expectancy like in Stoke Bishop?

A

Life expectancy 83 years – above UK average

65
Q

What are the death rates like in Stoke Bishop?

A

Death rates better than average

66
Q

What % of the population in Stoke Bishop have a degree or equivalent?

A

50% of population have degree
or equivalent

67
Q

What % of students got the highest grades in their GCSEs in Stoke Bishop?

A

94% got highest grades in 5 or
more GCSEs

68
Q

What % of people are unemployed in Stoke Bishop?

A

3% of people unemployed

69
Q

What % of children live in poverty in Stoke Bishop?

A

Fewer than 4% of children live
in poverty

70
Q

Advantages of brownfield sites!

A
  • Existing buildings but to use
  • Land often disused or derelict so would improve the land
  • Urban sprawl and car use for commuting reduced
71
Q

Disadvantages of brownfield sites:

A
  • Expensive to build on
  • Sites may be contaminated from previous industrial use
72
Q

What was Bristol Harbourside like before regeneration?

A
  • many listed buildings were left unused when industries closed around Bristol docks
  • Industrial buildings were then used for housing, leisure and culture
73
Q

How long did the regeneration of Bristol Harbourside take?

A

Regeneration took 40 years

74
Q

What is an example of developing a brownfield site?

A

Bristol Harbourside

75
Q

How many homes were built on Harry Stoke and home many more were planned?

A

1,200 homes built with 2,000 more planned by 2017

76
Q

What did locals do about the planned new buildings on Harry Stoke and why?

A
  • locals objected to the development of 2,000 homes for 2016-2017
  • They were concerned about increased congestion and thus more noise and air pollution, loss of habitats, loss of open space and the effect on local flood risk
77
Q

What is an example of development of a Greenfield site?

A

Harry Stoke

78
Q

Urban regeneration:

A

involves redeveloping and revitalising areas that have experienced urban decay or decline

79
Q

What processes are a part of urban regeneration?

A

processes can include installing modern facilities in old buildings (known as renewal) or opting for redevelopment (i.e. demolishing existing buildings to create brownfield sites for new developments)

80
Q

What is the aim of urban regelation?

A

aim is to improve these areas’ physical, economic, and social conditions, making them more vibrant and attractive to residents, businesses, and visitors

81
Q

What areas of Bristol had become run-down and derelict?

A
  • in Bristol, old industrial areas near the railway station and port had become rundown
  • docks and industrial buildings became derelict as the port facility moved to Avonmouth
82
Q

Where is the Temple Quarter located?

A
  • The Temple Quarter is an area located in Bristol, England.
  • It is situated southeast of Bristol city centre, around the Temple Meads railway station
83
Q

What is the Temple Quarter named after?

A

The area is named after the historic Temple Church located within its boundaries

84
Q

When did much of Temple Quarter become an Enterprise Zone and what did this mean for the area?

A

Much of the area became an Enterprise Zone in 2012, meaning it qualified for government money to support regeneration

85
Q

What were the challenges with regenerating the Temple Quarter?

A
  • Securing funding: The scale and complexity of the project required significant financial investment
  • Balancing interests: Different stakeholders had varied interests and goals, requiring careful negotiation and compromise
  • Infrastructure challenges: The redevelopment of infrastructure, particularly around a busy railway station, was technically challenging and disruptive
  • Maintaining heritage: Protecting and preserving the area’s historical elements while allowing for modern redevelopment posed a significant challenge
  • Environmental damage: Pollution left by industrial waste and other contaminants
86
Q

What area does the Enterprise Zone in Bristol cover and how large is it?

A
  • An area covering 72 hectares became an Enterprise Zone in 2012
  • It is the UK’s largest Enterprise Zone
87
Q

What are businesses in the Enterprise Zone offered?

A

offered incentives for businesses to relocate, including tax relief and low rents

88
Q

How was the railway station in Temple Quarter regenerated?

A

Temple Meeds was redeveloped into a modern transport hub key for the city

89
Q

How were education facilities in Temple Quarter improved?

A
  • University of Bristol’s new campus: The establishment of a new campus focused on digital and business technologies
  • accommodation for 1500 students
  • It includes Brunel’s Engine Shed
90
Q

How was green infrastructure improved in the regeneration of Temple Quarter?

A

Emphasis was placed on creating green spaces and promoting sustainable and energy-efficient construction

91
Q

What is under construction as part of the regeneration of Temple Quarter?

A
  • Bristol arena under construction – used for concerts, conventions, exhibitions, sporting events
  • will bring 500 jobs and boost economy by £60mn annually
92
Q

How has the Enterprise Zone and regeneration of the Temple Quarter economically benefitted it?

A
  • economic growth - creation of the Enterprise Zone has attracted significant business investment and created new jobs
93
Q

How many jobs have been create in the last 25 years as a result of the regeneration of Temple Quarter?

A

4,000 jobs have been created as part of the plan to create 17,000 jobs over 25 years

94
Q

How many firms have moved to Temple Quarter as a result of its regeneration?

A

almost 400 firms from the creative, digital and green industries have moved into the area

95
Q

How did the Temple Quarter regeneration improve its connectivity?

A

improved connectivity - transport and accessibility improvements have better integrated the area with the wider city

96
Q

What new infrastructure was created as a result of the Temple Quarter regeneration?

A

New bridge across river avon

97
Q

How has the sustainability of Temple Quarter been improved as a result of its regeneration?

A

The emphasis on green and energy- efficient construction has contributed to Bristol’s reputation as a green city

98
Q

How has the vibrancy of Temple Quarter changed as a result of its regeneration?

A

Increased vibrancy - adding housing, recreational spaces, and cultural attractions has enhanced the area’s vibrancy and liveability

AQA GCSE Geography (45 decks)

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