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AQA GCSE Geography > 3.1.1.3 Weather Hazards - Tropical Storm Case Study: Typhoon Haiyan > Flashcards

3.1.1.3 Weather Hazards - Tropical Storm Case Study: Typhoon Haiyan Flashcards

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1
Q

What category was typhoon Haiyan?

A

category 5 super typhoon

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2
Q

When did typhoon Haiyan occur?

A

November 2013 - hit areas in Southeast Asia particularly the Philippines

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3
Q

Where and when was there the first sign of typhoon Haiyan and how did it change?

A
  • 2nd November 2013 - appears as low pressure (tropical depression) in the Pacific → heading towards the Philippines
  • gathers intensity → super typhoon
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4
Q

When did typhoon Haiyan make landfall?

A

7/8th November 2013 the typhoon made landfall in the city of Guiuan on the island of Samar (in Philippines)

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5
Q

When did typhoon Haiyan begin to die out?

A
  • after devastating many islands in the Philippines with strong winds, heavy rain and very high storm surges, it weakened whilst travelled northwestwards
  • eventually collapsed after hitting Vietnam on the 10th of November
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6
Q

What was the height of the storm surges caused by typhoon Haiyan equivalent to and what did the storms surges cause?

A
  • caused coastal areas to be devastated
  • storm surge occurred - equivalent to a 15ft tsunami
  • reached 5 metres over sea level - some wave marks were recorded to be 14.1 metres high
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7
Q

What city did typhoon Haiyan smash into and what is the population of that city?

A

smashes into city of Tacloban (in Philippines) which has population of 200,000 people

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8
Q

When did typhoon Haiyan reach its peak?

A

reached its peak the moment it hit the Philippines

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9
Q

How is the Philippines when dealing with storms and in what aspects was typhoon Haiyan unexpected?

A
  • Philippines is used to dealing with storms and typhoons
  • however, storm surge was completely unprecedented
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10
Q

What were the wind speeds of typhoon Haiyan and what did this cause?

A
  • incredibly strong winds
  • 10 minute sustained winds of 145 mph
  • 1 minute sustained winds of 194 mph
  • caused typhoon Haiyan to be incredibly destructive
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11
Q

How many people died and how did they die as a primary effect of typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines?

A
  • 6,300 people died (and more missing) in the Philippines
  • died from drowning or severe injuries caused by falling debris
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12
Q

How many fishing boast were destroyed as a primary effect of typhoon Haiyan and what did this cause?

A
  • 30,000 fishing boats were destroyed
  • caused livelihoods to be severely damaged
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13
Q

How many people did the storm surges displace as a primary effect of typhoon Haiyan and why?

A
  • 600,000 people were displaced
  • as the storm surges flattened and destroyed coastal areas
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14
Q

How many homes were destroyed and why (primary effect of typhoon Haiyan)?

A

40,000 homes were damaged or completely destroyed mainly due to storm surges

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15
Q

What province in the Philippines was worst affected and why (primary effect of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • province of Leyte worst affected
  • hit by 5 metre storm surge
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16
Q

What % of the city of Tacloban was worst destroyed?

A
  • 90% of city was destroyed
  • left hundreds of thousands of people homeless and killed hundreds
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17
Q

What did strong winds and heavy rain cause (primary effect of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • strong winds and heavy rain damaged buildings and infrastructure
  • knocked down power lines and telephone poles
  • also destroyed crops
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18
Q

How many mm of rain fell and what did this cause (primary effect of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • 4000mm+ of rain fell over a few days
  • caused widespread catastrophic flooding
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19
Q

How was transport infrastructure damage (primary effect of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • airports, ports and public services were damaged
  • caused remote communities to be cut off
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20
Q

What was the total number of people affected by typhoon Haiyan (secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan)?

A

14 million + people were affected

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21
Q

What were there shortages of as a secondary effect of typhoon Haiyan and what did this lead to?

A
  • there were shortages of food, water and aid supplies
  • this affected health and sanitation and led to outbreaks of disease
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22
Q

What slowed down relief efforts for typhoon Haiyan (secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan)?

A

flooding and heavy rain caused landslides which blocked roads and slowed relief efforts

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23
Q

What had to happen to the dead bodies of the people killed by typhoon Haiyan and why (secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • as the mortality rate was so high, morgues became overwhelmed and identification was difficult
  • mass burials for thousands of unidentified people had to take place in order to limit the spread of disease from bodies
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24
Q

What impact did typhoon Haiyan have on transport into the country and what did this cause (secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • flights and ferry services were disrupted for weeks
  • this slowed down the distribution of aid supplies to remote communities and resulted in further deaths
25
Q

How many people lost their source of income and why (secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • 6 million people lost their source of income due to the destruction caused by the storm
  • hospitals, shops and schools were damaged and destroyed - this disrupted education and livelihoods
26
Q

How were power supplies affected by typhoon Haiyan and what did this affect (secondary effects of typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • power supplies in some areas were cut off for a month
  • affected communications and relief
27
Q

What broke out in Tacloban (city in the Philippines) as a secondary effect of typhoon Haiyan?

A

looting and violence broke out in Tacloban

28
Q

How many people did the authorities evacuate following typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • the authorities evacuated 800,000 people
  • many people sought refugee in an indoor stadium in Tacloban
  • although the roof was reinforced to withstand typhoon winds, the people died when it was flooded
29
Q

How did international aid organisations help in the immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • international aid organisations and charities responded quickly after the Philippines declared a state of ‘national calamity’
  • they brought food, water, aid supplies and temporary shelters
30
Q

What was imposed as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

a curfew was imposed 2 days after typhoon Haiyan in order to reduce looting

31
Q

What did the gov ensure as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • the gov ensured that essential equipment and medical supplies were sent out
  • however, in one region these supplies were washed away by the storm’s floodwaters
32
Q

How were emergency supplies were pre-positioned before typhoon struck (immediate responses to typhoon Haiyan)?

A
  • emergency supplies were pre-positioned by the Philippines Red Cross before the typhoon struck
  • supplies such as rice, canned food, cooking oil, salt and sugar were ready to be distributed when typhoon Haiyan made landfall
33
Q

What did the Red Cross supply as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan and why?

A

the Red Cross supplied over 1.1 million people with clean water to limit the outbreak of disease from poor sanitation

34
Q

When was power restored as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

power was restored a week after the typhoon in some regions

35
Q

What did Canada and the USA do in the immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • Canada and the USA deployed military aircrafts to assist with search and rescue of survivors
  • they also brought aid supplies
36
Q

What did France, Belgium and Israel do in the immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

France, Belgium and Israel set up field hospitals to help the injured

37
Q

How many evacuation centres were set up as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan and what did they consist of?

A
  • 1,200+ evacuation centres were set up to help the homeless
  • many centres were in public buildings like churches and schools
  • countries like the UK also sent tents and shelter kits to affected areas
38
Q

How much aid arrived in the first 10 days following typhoon Haiyan as an immediate response to the storm?

A

in 1st 10 days the RAF delivered 200+ tonnes of aid - medicine, food, water etc.

39
Q

What did British ships bring on the 25th of November as part of the immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

25th November 2013 British ships brought supplies inc. 100 tonnes of rice from Singapore

40
Q

How many people did the department for international development (DFID) provide emergency shelter for?

A

245,000 people

41
Q

What happened once the airport was re-opened as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • emergency aid and supplies were flown out 3 days later
  • within 2 weeks 1mn+ food packs and 250,000 litres of water were distributed
42
Q

How were patients rescued as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

patients trapped in Tacloban’s main hospital were floated to safety during the height of the floodwaters

43
Q

How did other countries help in the immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • 33 countries and international organisations pledged to help
  • rescue missions were estimated to have cost US $88.871 million
44
Q

What aid organisations were set up as an immediate response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • aid organisations e.g. ‘Save the Children’ were quick to arrive in Tacloban
  • health clinics were set up to help those injured during typhoon Haiyan
45
Q

What aid did countries such as the UK, Japan and the US as well as the UN provide as part of the long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

financial aid, medical support and supplies were donated

46
Q

What did the United Nations Development Program set up as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan and what did this help with?

A
  • the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) set up cash-for-work programs that paid villagers to clear debris and medical waste
  • this helped with rebuilding and recovering from the disaster + provided incomes for those who had lost their livelihoods to typhoon Haiyan
47
Q

What did organisations like UNICEF and the WHO do as part of the long-term response to typhoon Haiyan and why?

A
  • UNICEF and the WHO vaccinated 1,000s of children against diseases like polio and measles such s polio and measles
  • this mass immunisation scheme was set up to ensure the diseases did not spread through temporary shelters
48
Q

What strategy did the government create to build back homes as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan and how successful has it been?

A
  • the government created a ‘build back better’ strategy which pledged that 205,000 would be built to re-home those living in coastal areas that were at risk from typhoons
  • a no-build zone on the coast of the Eastern Visayas was identified as too hazardous to live in
  • however, by 2016 only 1% of the target had been achieved
49
Q

What was rebuilt as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • rebuilding of roads, homes, bridges and airport facilities with assistance from foreign aid
  • some new typhoon shelters were also built inland to accommodate future evacuees
50
Q

What did aid organisations do as part of the long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

aid organisations such as Oxfam have supported the replacement of fishing boats, supporting the recovery of a vital sector in the Philippines

51
Q

What warning system did the Philippine Government say they’d install as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

a new storm surge warning system

52
Q

What was implemented along the coast as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

a “no build zone” was implemented along the coast in Eastern Visayas

53
Q

What sectors were quickly re-established as part of the long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • rice farming and fishing was quickly re-established
  • but coconut trees take years to grow and produce fruit - this has led to coconut farmers struggling to recover
54
Q

How have environmental organisations been part of the long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • environmental organisations have worked with locals to restore mangrove forests that were destroyed on the coasts after typhoon Haiyan
  • as they are important areas for wildlife, fishing and act as a barrier against storm surges
55
Q

What were the estimated re-construction costs following typhoon Haiyan?

A

£3.6 bn

56
Q

What did the Philippine Government implement to rebuild the infrastructure as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • July 2014 the Philippine Government launched the “Build Back Better” scheme
  • this scheme was launched with the intention that buildings would be upgraded during the re-building process so they would protected in the event of future disasters
57
Q

How was the coast protected as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A

mangrove trees were re-planted to offer some protection to the coast in the event of any future storm surges

58
Q

What was built to protect against any future storm surges as a long-term response to typhoon Haiyan?

A
  • the Philippine Government released plans to build the Tacloban-Tanauan Road Dike
  • this wall-like stucture would stand at 4m above sea level and act as a barrier to potential future storm surges

AQA GCSE Geography (45 decks)

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