3.2.1 Section A: Urban Issues and Challenges - Urbanisation

Question 1

HIC:

Answer 1

a country with Gross National Income (GNI) higher than $12,746 e.g. Japan, UK, USA

Question 2

LIC:

Answer 2

a country with a Gross National Income (GNI) lower than $1045 e.g. Affrican Nations such as Chad, Tanzania, Mali

Question 3

NEE:

Answer 3

countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually along with rapid industrialisation e.g the BRICS

Question 4

BRICS:

Answer 4

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

Question 5

MINT countries:

Answer 5

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey

Question 6

GNI (Gross National Income):

Answer 6

a measurement of economic activity - the total value of goods and services produced by a country, plus money earned from, and paid to, other countries

Question 7

What are the top 5 cities with the highest population and in order?

Answer 7

• Tokyo
• New Delhi
• Shanghai
• Sau Paulo
• Mexico City

Question 8

What is the population of Tokyo?

Answer 8

37.5 mill

Question 9

What is the population of New Delhi?

Answer 9

28.5 mil

Question 10

What is the population of Shanghai?

Answer 10

26 mil

Question 11

What is the population of Sau Paulo?

Answer 11

22.8 mil

Question 12

What is the population of Mexico City?

Answer 12

22 mil

Question 13

Urbanisation:

Answer 13

an increase in the proportion of people living in an urban area

Question 14

What are some benefits of urbanisation?

Answer 14

• social immunity
• better living conditions
• allows people to specialise in certain fields
• cities generate 80% of the worlds GDP
• diversity
• finance
• more services
• infrastructure development

Question 15

What % of the world’s GDP do cities generate?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

How much money does Europe need to spend in the next 15 yrs to develop infrastructure and therefore increase the rate of population growth?

Answer 16

Europe needs to spend $600 bill in infrastructure in next 15 yrs, collaboration between private and public sector to develop infrastructure, increasing rate of population growth

Question 17

Describe the growth of the world’s population from 1500 - 2000?

Answer 17

exponential growth

Question 18

How had the world’s population changed by 1804?

Answer 18

by 1804 global population had doubled from half a billion to one billion in 300 yrs

Question 19

How had the world’s population changed by 1999 in 39yrs?

Answer 19

by 1999 the total population had doubled from 3 billion to 6 billion in just 39yrs

Question 20

Where will the largest growth in urban population take place in by 2050?

Answer 20

largest growth in urban population by 2050 will take place in India, China, and Nigeria

Question 21

What % of of projected growth of global urban population by 2014 - 2050 takes place in India, China and Nigeria?

Answer 21

37%

Question 22

By 2050 from 2014 by how much will China’s population increased?

Answer 22

+392 mil

Question 23

By 2050 from 2014 by how much will India’s population have increased?

Answer 23

+404 mil

Question 24

By 2050 from 2014 by how much will Nigeria’s population increased?

Answer 24

+212 mil

Question 25

What % of people live in cities in most of the world's countries?

Answer 25

60%

Question 26

What % of people live in cities in countries in S and SE Asia?

Answer 26

in south and south east Asia around half the population live in towns and cities

Question 27

Which countries in Africa have urban populations higher than 20% and what is the urban population %?

Answer 27

Nigeria, Uganda, Brundi, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Malawi — average is almost 40% in urban areas

Question 28

What are the factors affecting the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 28

- Migration - Location - Natural Increase - International Development

Question 29

How does migration affect the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 29

- rural-urban migration is the main driver of urbanisation - most of these migrants are young - they migrate from the countryside to cities because of pull factors, like jobs and a better education

Question 30

How does location affect the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 30

- historically, cities have grown on rivers or coasts and other busy transport routes where trade can thrive - even today, many of the world’s megacities are ports which are a good location for trade

Question 31

How does natural increase affect the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 31

- when the birth rate is greater than the death rate - the young population in many cities leads to a high rate of natural increase - cities also tend to have better health rate than rural areas so death rates are lower and life expectancy is higher

Question 32

How does economic development affect the rate of urbanisation?

Answer 32

- cities that trade are also good places for businesses to develop - this attracts ppl as jobs are created

Question 33

What are economic push factors to Urbana areas from rural areas?

Answer 33

farming is hard and poorly paid

Question 34

What are economic pull factors to urban areas from rural areas?

Answer 34

- more well paid jobs - allows people to specialise in certain fields - cities generate 80% of the worlds GDP

Question 35

What are social push factors to urban areas from rural areas?

Answer 35

- schools provide only a very basic education - there are few doctors or hospitals - rural areas are isolated due to poor roads - not good transport links - poor harvest may lead to malnutrition or famine - less access to facilities

Question 36

What are social pull factors to urban areas from rural areas?

Answer 36

- they have friends and family already living there - a higher standard of living is possible - there are better medical facilities - public transport is better - better chance of getting an education - a range of entertainments are available

Question 37

What are environmental push factors to urban areas from rural areas?

Answer 37

- drought and other climate hazards can reduce crop yields - desertification and soil erosion making farming difficult