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AQA GCSE Geography > 3.2.1 Section A: Urban Issues and Challenges - Urbanisation > Flashcards

3.2.1 Section A: Urban Issues and Challenges - Urbanisation Flashcards

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1
Q

HIC:

A

a country with Gross National Income (GNI) higher than $12,746 e.g. Japan, UK, USA

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2
Q

LIC:

A

a country with a Gross National Income (GNI) lower than $1045 e.g. Affrican Nations such as Chad, Tanzania, Mali

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3
Q

NEE:

A

countries that have begun to experience high rates of economic development, usually along with rapid industrialisation e.g the BRICS

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4
Q

BRICS:

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

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5
Q

MINT countries:

A

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey

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6
Q

GNI (Gross National Income):

A

a measurement of economic activity - the total value of goods and services produced by a country, plus money earned from, and paid to, other countries

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7
Q

What are the top 5 cities with the highest population and in order?

A
  • Tokyo
  • New Delhi
  • Shanghai
  • Sau Paulo
  • Mexico City
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8
Q

What is the population of Tokyo?

A

37.5 mill

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9
Q

What is the population of New Delhi?

A

28.5 mil

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10
Q

What is the population of Shanghai?

A

26 mil

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11
Q

What is the population of Sau Paulo?

A

22.8 mil

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12
Q

What is the population of Mexico City?

A

22 mil

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13
Q

Urbanisation:

A

an increase in the proportion of people living in an urban area

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14
Q

What are some benefits of urbanisation?

A
  • social immunity
  • better living conditions
  • allows people to specialise in certain fields
  • cities generate 80% of the worlds GDP
  • diversity
  • finance
  • more services
  • infrastructure development
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15
Q

What % of the world’s GDP do cities generate?

A

80%

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16
Q

How much money does Europe need to spend in the next 15 yrs to develop infrastructure and therefore increase the rate of population growth?

A

Europe needs to spend $600 bill in infrastructure in next 15 yrs, collaboration between private and public sector to develop infrastructure, increasing rate of population growth

17
Q

Describe the growth of the world’s population from 1500 - 2000?

A

exponential growth

18
Q

How had the world’s population changed by 1804?

A

by 1804 global population had doubled from half a billion to one billion in 300 yrs

19
Q

How had the world’s population changed by 1999 in 39yrs?

A

by 1999 the total population had doubled from 3 billion to 6 billion in just 39yrs

20
Q

Where will the largest growth in urban population take place in by 2050?

A

largest growth in urban population by 2050 will take place in India, China, and Nigeria

21
Q

What % of of projected growth of global urban population by 2014 - 2050 takes place in India, China and Nigeria?

A

37%

22
Q

By 2050 from 2014 by how much will China’s population increased?

A

+392 mil

23
Q

By 2050 from 2014 by how much will India’s population have increased?

A

+404 mil

24
Q

By 2050 from 2014 by how much will Nigeria’s population increased?

A

+212 mil

25
Q

What % of people live in cities in most of the world’s countries?

A

60%

26
Q

What % of people live in cities in countries in S and SE Asia?

A

in south and south east Asia around half the population live in towns and cities

27
Q

Which countries in Africa have urban populations higher than 20% and what is the urban population %?

A

Nigeria, Uganda, Brundi, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Malawi — average is almost 40% in urban areas

28
Q

What are the factors affecting the rate of urbanisation?

A
  • Migration
  • Location
  • Natural Increase
  • International Development
29
Q

How does migration affect the rate of urbanisation?

A
  • rural-urban migration is the main driver of urbanisation
  • most of these migrants are young
  • they migrate from the countryside to cities because of pull factors, like jobs and a better education
30
Q

How does location affect the rate of urbanisation?

A
  • historically, cities have grown on rivers or coasts and other busy transport routes where trade can thrive
  • even today, many of the world’s megacities are ports which are a good location for trade
31
Q

How does natural increase affect the rate of urbanisation?

A
  • when the birth rate is greater than the death rate
  • the young population in many cities leads to a high rate of natural increase
  • cities also tend to have better health rate than rural areas so death rates are lower and life expectancy is higher
32
Q

How does economic development affect the rate of urbanisation?

A
  • cities that trade are also good places for businesses to develop
  • this attracts ppl as jobs are created
33
Q

What are economic push factors to Urbana areas from rural areas?

A

farming is hard and poorly paid

34
Q

What are economic pull factors to urban areas from rural areas?

A
  • more well paid jobs
  • allows people to specialise in certain fields
  • cities generate 80% of the worlds GDP
35
Q

What are social push factors to urban areas from rural areas?

A
  • schools provide only a very basic education
  • there are few doctors or hospitals
  • rural areas are isolated due to poor roads - not good transport links
  • poor harvest may lead to malnutrition or famine
  • less access to facilities
36
Q

What are social pull factors to urban areas from rural areas?

A
  • they have friends and family already living there
  • a higher standard of living is possible
  • there are better medical facilities
  • public transport is better
  • better chance of getting an education
  • a range of entertainments are available
37
Q

What are environmental push factors to urban areas from rural areas?

A
  • drought and other climate hazards can reduce crop yields
  • desertification and soil erosion making farming difficult

AQA GCSE Geography (45 decks)

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