Breast imaging Flashcards
What is the triple assessment
clinical: history and examination
radiological
pathology
What is a mammogram
low energy x-rays showing contrast between soft tissue and fat in the breast
what views are taken in a mammogram
cranial caudal views
oblique
How does fibroglandular tissue appear on mammogram
white
how does fat appear on mammogram
black
if there is cancer in the fatty area if the breast it is harder/easier to see on a mammogram
easier
breast density increases/decreases with advancing age
decreases
you have a higher risk of breast cancer if you have lower/greater breast tissue density
greater
which imaging technique is used for breast screening
mammogram
mammogram has a high sensitivity for what?
DCIS
invasive carcinoma
what are disadvantages to mammogram
ionising radiation exposure
uncomfortable
what is tomosynthesis
3D mammography with multiple images from different angles of the breast
which imaging technique is the best for symptomatic women especially with a lump
ultrasound
indications for a breast ultrasound
lump/symptomatic mammographically detected lesion palpable mass in clinic breast inflammation aspiration of abscess breast problems during pregnancy
advantages to ultrasound
no ionising radiation
comfortable
can differentiate between cyst and solid
cheap
USS can detect DCIS, true or false
false
what do strain elastography and shear wave elastography measure
stiffness of tissue
which type of breast cancer is harder to diagnose on imaging
lobular
which imaging technique is the most sensitive modality for detecting breast cancer
MRI
which imaging modality is the best for sizing a tumour
MRI
indications for MRI
unsure about size of breast Paget's disease of the nipple neoadjuvant chemo lumps in armpit intracapsular rupture of implants
what is the commonest breast lump seen in <30 year olds
fibroadenoma
what is the commonest breast lump seen in 30-50 year olds
cyst
what is the commonest breast lump in >50 year olds
breast cancer
what hormone must be present for breast cysts to develop
oestrogen
in an axillary ultrasound, cortical thickness of __ would indicate a biopsy is needed
> 3mm
