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WUCO H&N Anatomy > Brain & Meninges I > Flashcards

Brain & Meninges I Flashcards

1
Q

Define Scalp

A

Soft tissue that covers the calvaria of the skull

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2
Q

Anterior boundary of scalp

A

superciliary arches

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3
Q

Posterior boundary of scalp

A

external occidental protuberance

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4
Q

Lateral boundary of scalp

A

zygomatic arch & external auditory meatus

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5
Q

Layers of SCALP from outside to inside

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis/Galea Aponeurotica
Loose CT
Periosteum
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6
Q

Properties of skin of the scalp

A
  • Thick and hairy
  • Contains: hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, significant arterial supply, venous drainage, lymaphatic drainage.
  • Firmly attached to aponeurotic layer via dense CT
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7
Q

Skin of the scalp is firmly attached to _________ via _________.

A

aponeurotic layer, dense CT

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8
Q

Properties of dense CT of the scalp

A
  • Fibro-fatty layer
  • Contains nerves
  • Blood vessels tightly attached to dense fibrous tissue
  • Firmly attached to overlying skin and underlying aponeurotic layer
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9
Q

Would on the scalp bleed profusely due to:

A

Lack of vasospasm

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10
Q

How is bleeding stopped in the dense CT of the scalp?

A

By applying pressure against the bone

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11
Q

Properties of Aponeurotic layer

A
  • Though layer of dense fibrous tissue
  • Must be stitched if cut bc anchoring of superficial layers is lost
  • Fans out and blends into frontalis and occipitalis
  • Potential sub-aponeurotic space: scalp bleeds will pool underneath the aponeurotic layer into the loose areolar layer
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12
Q

Which layer of the scalp must be stitched if cut?

A

Aponeurotic layer

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13
Q

Properties of loose CT of the scalp

A
  • Allows movement of the first 3 layers over the pericranium
  • Extends beneath the orbicularis oculi into the eyelids
  • Relatively avascular except for emissary veins
  • Danger area of the scalp!
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14
Q

Why is the loose CT of the scalp the danger area?

A

-Blood and pus can pool here

Emissary veins connect superficial scalp veins to diploic veins of skull and intercranial venous sinuses

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15
Q

Bleeding in loose CT can cause:

A
  • Generalized swelling of the scalp
  • Periocular ecchymosis (aka Raccoon Eyes)
  • Battle’s sign
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16
Q

What is Battle’s sign?

A
  • aka mastoid ecchymosis
  • Caused by nasal skull injuries
  • Occurs 203 days after injury
  • Extravastation of bleed underneath the aponeurotic layer, usually along the path of the posterior auricular artery
17
Q

Properties of pericranium of the scalp:

A
  • Periosteum of the skull
  • Thin fibrous membrane that covers all outer bone surfaces (except joints)
  • Firmly attached to sutures
  • loosely attached to bone
18
Q

Scalp blood supply:

A
  • External carotid artery

- Internal carotid artery

19
Q

What are the branches of the ECA in scalp?

A

-superficial temporal
-posterior auricular
occipital

20
Q

What are the branches of the ICA in scalp?

A

-supertrochlear

supraorbital

21
Q

Where do you find the majority of the arterial supply of the skull?

A

Dense CT layer of the scalp, above the aponeurotic layer

22
Q

Sensory innervation of the scalp

A
  • Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

- Occipital nerves

23
Q

what are the cranial meninges?

A
  • Outer covering of the brain

- Membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord

24
Q

What are the fxns of the membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord?

A
  • protect the CNV
  • form a supporting framework for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses
  • Enclose the subarachnoid space
25
Q

What is important about the subarachnoid space?

A

It is vital for the normal fxn of the brain

26
Q

The three CT layers of the cranial meninges:

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

27
Q

Dura mater

A
  • though thick external fibrous layer
  • innervated by CN V (trigeminal)
  • very well vascularized
28
Q

What are the layers of the Dura mater

A

Periosteal and meningeal

29
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • Think, avascular membrane
  • filled with a “web” of collages (shock absorber)
  • Only in longitudinal fissure
  • contains cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space
30
Q

Pia mater

A
  • Thin, delicate membrane
  • Highly vascularized
  • Lines all fissures and sulci of the brain
  • Tightly adherent ot brain surface and cranial nerve roots
31
Q

Location for all intercerebral hemorrhages

A

Pia Mater

32
Q

Largest dural infolding

A

Falx cerebri

33
Q

Second largest dural infolding

A

Tentorium cerebelli

34
Q

What cseparates occipital lobes from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

35
Q

Smallest dural inforlding

A

Diaphragma Sellae

36
Q

Waht forms the roof over hypophysiial fossa?

A

Diaphragma Sellae

37
Q

Meningitis is:

A

Inflammation of the meninges

38
Q

What is meningitis caused by?

A

Bacteria (more serious) or virus (benign)

39
Q

Leptomeninges

A

Pia + arachnoid mater

WUCO H&N Anatomy (28 decks)

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