Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP Test 3 > Both Heart Failure Lectures > Flashcards

Both Heart Failure Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

released in response to increased cardiac wall tension

A

BNP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what might you expect to see on CXR in heart failure?

3

A
  • englarged heart
  • pulmonary edema
  • pleural effusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

increased amplitude of the P wave indicates

A

left atrial enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

left axis with increased QRS voltage indicates

A

LVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what might you expect to see on EKG in heart failure?

A
  • increased P wave voltage
  • increased voltage of QRS
  • tall T wave in V2-V3
  • T-wave abnormality in II, III, aVF

maybe signs of previous MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

poor R wave progression in V leads can be nonspecific for

A

anterior MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what might you expect on physical exam for a patient in heart failure?

A
  • weight gain
  • elevated BP and HR
  • elevated JVP
  • S3 and S4
  • murmurs
  • PMI shifted laterally
  • orthopnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clinical finding with high specificity but low sensitivity in patients with advanced heart failure

A

rales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

JVD is a sign of volume

A

overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the main goal of the physical exam in heart failure is to assess

A

both volume and perfusion states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ejection fraction equation

A

EDV-ESV/EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal ejection fraction

A

50-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

definition of heart failure

A

symptoms/signs caused by structural/functional cardiac abnormality

corroborated by one of the following:
* elevated natriuretic peptide levels
* objective evidence of pulmonary/systemic conjestion (CXR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HF w/ LVEF <40%

A

HFrEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HF with LVEF >50%

A

HF with preserved EF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HF secondary to lung disease via elevated pulmonary artery pressure

A

cor pulmonale

seen with COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arterial circulation above MAP

A

pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is the HF epidemic growing?

A

improved management of cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

modifiable risk factors for HF

A
  • hypertension
  • CAD
  • older age
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • valvular disease
  • a fib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

uses invasive hemodynamics to directly measure filling pressures/volume status

A

right heart catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

characterizes pulmonary hypertension and provides information to calculate cardiac output

A

right heart catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

underlying causes of HF

A
  • CAD
  • hypertension
  • myocardial disease
  • valvular disease
  • pericardial disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fundamental causes of HF

A
  • RAAS activation
  • sympathetic nervous system activation
  • remodeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

common symptoms of HF

A
  • dyspnea
  • orthopnea
  • fatigue
  • S3
  • rales
  • JVD
  • pitting edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
is HFrEF systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
systolic
26
HFrEF is often secondary to
* ischemia * MI * dilated cardiomyopathy
27
is HFpEF systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
diastolic
28
HFpEF is often secondary to
myocardial hypertrophy
29
right sided HF most often results from
left sided HF
30
isolated right HF due to pulmonary cause
cor pulmonale
31
symptoms of left sided HF
* orthopnea * paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea * pulmonary edema
32
symptoms of right sided HF
* congestive hepatomegaly * JVD * peripheral edema
33
pulmonary edema is a sign of [...] sided heart failure
left | due to increased left atrial pressure
34
pulmonary edema can result in [...] heard during inspiration
crackles
35
usually in HF, crackles are heard in the [...] of the lung
base
36
what lab value is often elevated in CHF patients due to myocardial strain?
natriuretic peptides
37
N terminal pro BNP has greater [...] in heart failure than BNP
diagnostic and prognostic value
38
intial diagnostic testing for CHF includes: | 4
* CXR * echo * BNP levels * EKG
39
when might a cardiac biopsy be necessary for CHF?
* giant cell myocarditis * cardiac amyloidosis
40
early satiety after eating and GI symptoms are related to [...] sided HF
right
41
cold extremities and tachycardia indicate low
cardiac output | low perfusion
42
[...] is a concerning sign that someone in HF is decompensating
tachycardia | treat inpatient
43
normal LV ejection fraction
HFpEF
44
elevated left ventricular EDP and elevated left atrial pressure
HFpEF
45
etiologic causes of HF
drugs/alcohol thyrotoxicosis vitamin or mineral deficiency -beriberi cardiomoypathy tachycardia/arrythmia valvular heart disease chagas
46
which 3 beta blockers are indicated for treatment in HF
bisoprolol metoprolol succinate carvedilol
47
inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle
loop diuretics | furosemide
48
drug used to manage edema associated with CHF, renal disease, and cirrhosis
furosemide | loop diuretic
49
diuretic that can be utilized for sequential nephron blockade to augment loop diuretics for extreme volume overload
metolazone
50
improves survival in systolic HF patients
carvedilol | [HPrEF] beta blocker
51
contraindicated in systolic heart failure patients
amlodopine [HFrEF]
52
common side effect of SGLT 2 inhibitors
GU mycotic infections | d/t glucosuria
53
more likely to have renal and lung disease, and hypertension
HFpEF
54
low stroke volume relative to LV EDV
HFrEF
55
CAD is common in which types of HF patients?
both HFpEF and HFrEF
56
the need to decrease HF therapy due to symptomatic hypotension and renal dysfunction is a red flag for
stage D HF | may need surgical intervention or palliative care
57
ICDs reduce the risk of [...] in patients for LV systolic dysfunction
SCD
58
persistently reduced LV systolic function has a higher likelihood of
arrhythmias | treat with ICD
59
MRA agents can cause
hyperkalemia
60
to reduce wall stress due to longstanding high pressure and volume, the LV cavity
dilates
61
high risk for HF but without structural changes/symptoms | stage
stage A
62
patient populations at risk of Stage A HF
* HTN * CAD * DM * obesity * metabolic syndrome * using cardiotoxins * family hx of cardiomyopathy
63
drugs for Stage A HF
* ACE/ARB for vascular disease or DM * statins as appropriate
64
goals of therapy: stage A HF
* healthy lifestyle * prevent CAD * prevent LV structural abnormalities
65
structural heart disease without signs or symptoms of HF | stage
stage B
66
patient populations at risk for stage B HF
* previous MI * LVH * low EF * asymptomatic valvular disease
67
goals of therapy: stage B HF
* prevent HF symptoms * prevent further remodeling
68
drugs: stage B
* ACE/ARB * beta blockers
69
surgical therapy: stage B
ICD revascularization surgery
70
structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF | stage
stage C
71
patient populations at risk for stage C HF
known structural heart disease with signs and symptoms
72
stage C HF can be divided into two categories
HFpEF HFrEF
73
treatment HFpEF
* diuresis * treat comorbidities * revascularization surgery where appropriate
74
refractory HF | stage
stage D

CP Test 3 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions