Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CP Test 3 > Both Heart Failure Lectures > Flashcards

Both Heart Failure Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

released in response to increased cardiac wall tension

A

BNP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what might you expect to see on CXR in heart failure?

3

A
  • englarged heart
  • pulmonary edema
  • pleural effusions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

increased amplitude of the P wave indicates

A

left atrial enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

left axis with increased QRS voltage indicates

A

LVH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what might you expect to see on EKG in heart failure?

A
  • increased P wave voltage
  • increased voltage of QRS
  • tall T wave in V2-V3
  • T-wave abnormality in II, III, aVF

maybe signs of previous MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

poor R wave progression in V leads can be nonspecific for

A

anterior MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what might you expect on physical exam for a patient in heart failure?

A
  • weight gain
  • elevated BP and HR
  • elevated JVP
  • S3 and S4
  • murmurs
  • PMI shifted laterally
  • orthopnea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clinical finding with high specificity but low sensitivity in patients with advanced heart failure

A

rales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

JVD is a sign of volume

A

overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the main goal of the physical exam in heart failure is to assess

A

both volume and perfusion states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ejection fraction equation

A

EDV-ESV/EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal ejection fraction

A

50-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

definition of heart failure

A

symptoms/signs caused by structural/functional cardiac abnormality

corroborated by one of the following:
* elevated natriuretic peptide levels
* objective evidence of pulmonary/systemic conjestion (CXR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HF w/ LVEF <40%

A

HFrEF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HF with LVEF >50%

A

HF with preserved EF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HF secondary to lung disease via elevated pulmonary artery pressure

A

cor pulmonale

seen with COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arterial circulation above MAP

A

pulmonary hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is the HF epidemic growing?

A

improved management of cardiac disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

modifiable risk factors for HF

A
  • hypertension
  • CAD
  • older age
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • smoking
  • valvular disease
  • a fib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

uses invasive hemodynamics to directly measure filling pressures/volume status

A

right heart catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

characterizes pulmonary hypertension and provides information to calculate cardiac output

A

right heart catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

underlying causes of HF

A
  • CAD
  • hypertension
  • myocardial disease
  • valvular disease
  • pericardial disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

fundamental causes of HF

A
  • RAAS activation
  • sympathetic nervous system activation
  • remodeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

common symptoms of HF

A
  • dyspnea
  • orthopnea
  • fatigue
  • S3
  • rales
  • JVD
  • pitting edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

is HFrEF systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

A

systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

HFrEF is often secondary to

A
  • ischemia
  • MI
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

is HFpEF systolic or diastolic dysfunction?

A

diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

HFpEF is often secondary to

A

myocardial hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

right sided HF most often results from

A

left sided HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

isolated right HF due to pulmonary cause

A

cor pulmonale

31
Q

symptoms of left sided HF

A
  • orthopnea
  • paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
  • pulmonary edema
32
Q

symptoms of right sided HF

A
  • congestive hepatomegaly
  • JVD
  • peripheral edema
33
Q

pulmonary edema is a sign of […] sided heart failure

A

left

due to increased left atrial pressure

34
Q

pulmonary edema can result in […] heard during inspiration

A

crackles

35
Q

usually in HF, crackles are heard in the […] of the lung

A

base

36
Q

what lab value is often elevated in CHF patients due to myocardial strain?

A

natriuretic peptides

37
Q

N terminal pro BNP has greater […] in heart failure than BNP

A

diagnostic and prognostic value

38
Q

intial diagnostic testing for CHF includes:

4

A
  • CXR
  • echo
  • BNP levels
  • EKG
39
Q

when might a cardiac biopsy be necessary for CHF?

A
  • giant cell myocarditis
  • cardiac amyloidosis
40
Q

early satiety after eating and GI symptoms are related to […] sided HF

A

right

41
Q

cold extremities and tachycardia indicate low

A

cardiac output

low perfusion

42
Q

[…] is a concerning sign that someone in HF is decompensating

A

tachycardia

treat inpatient

43
Q

normal LV ejection fraction

A

HFpEF

44
Q

elevated left ventricular EDP
and elevated left atrial pressure

A

HFpEF

45
Q

etiologic causes of HF

A

drugs/alcohol
thyrotoxicosis
vitamin or mineral deficiency -beriberi
cardiomoypathy
tachycardia/arrythmia
valvular heart disease
chagas

46
Q

which 3 beta blockers are indicated for treatment in HF

A

bisoprolol
metoprolol succinate
carvedilol

47
Q

inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle

A

loop diuretics

furosemide

48
Q

drug used to manage edema associated with CHF, renal disease, and cirrhosis

A

furosemide

loop diuretic

49
Q

diuretic that can be utilized for sequential nephron blockade to augment loop diuretics for extreme volume overload

A

metolazone

50
Q

improves survival in systolic HF patients

A

carvedilol

[HPrEF] beta blocker

51
Q

contraindicated in systolic heart failure patients

A

amlodopine

[HFrEF]

52
Q

common side effect of SGLT 2 inhibitors

A

GU mycotic infections

d/t glucosuria

53
Q

more likely to have renal and lung disease, and hypertension

A

HFpEF

54
Q

low stroke volume relative to LV EDV

A

HFrEF

55
Q

CAD is common in which types of HF patients?

A

both HFpEF and HFrEF

56
Q

the need to decrease HF therapy due to symptomatic hypotension and renal dysfunction is a red flag for

A

stage D HF

may need surgical intervention or palliative care

57
Q

ICDs reduce the risk of […] in patients for LV systolic dysfunction

A

SCD

58
Q

persistently reduced LV systolic function has a higher likelihood of

A

arrhythmias

treat with ICD

59
Q

MRA agents can cause

A

hyperkalemia

60
Q

to reduce wall stress due to longstanding high pressure and volume, the LV cavity

A

dilates

61
Q

high risk for HF but without structural changes/symptoms

stage

A

stage A

62
Q

patient populations at risk of Stage A HF

A
  • HTN
  • CAD
  • DM
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • using cardiotoxins
  • family hx of cardiomyopathy
63
Q

drugs for Stage A HF

A
  • ACE/ARB for vascular disease or DM
  • statins as appropriate
64
Q

goals of therapy: stage A HF

A
  • healthy lifestyle
  • prevent CAD
  • prevent LV structural abnormalities
65
Q

structural heart disease without signs or symptoms of HF

stage

A

stage B

66
Q

patient populations at risk for stage B HF

A
  • previous MI
  • LVH
  • low EF
  • asymptomatic valvular disease
67
Q

goals of therapy: stage B HF

A
  • prevent HF symptoms
  • prevent further remodeling
68
Q

drugs: stage B

A
  • ACE/ARB
  • beta blockers
69
Q

surgical therapy: stage B

A

ICD
revascularization surgery

70
Q

structural heart disease with prior or current symptoms of HF

stage

A

stage C

71
Q

patient populations at risk for stage C HF

A

known structural heart disease with signs and symptoms

72
Q

stage C HF can be divided into two categories

A

HFpEF
HFrEF

73
Q

treatment HFpEF

A
  • diuresis
  • treat comorbidities
  • revascularization surgery where appropriate
74
Q

refractory HF

stage

A

stage D

CP Test 3 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions