B4-100 Intro to Respiratory Physiology

Question 1

alveolar gas equation

Answer 1

Question 2

dead space equation

Answer 2

Question 3

low tissue PO2

Answer 3

hypoxia

Question 4

does gas exchange occur in the conducting zone?

Answer 4

no

Question 5

does gas exhange occur in the respiratory zone?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

make up the […] zone

Answer 6

conducting

Question 7

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

make up the […] zone

Answer 7

respiratory

Question 8

PICO2 is always

Answer 8

zero

only inspiring oxygen and nitrogen

Question 9

gas exhange in the alveoli occurs […]

how quickly

Answer 9

immediately

Question 10

why is the PAO2 less than PIO2?

Answer 10

gas exhange occurs immediately, so the pressure of O2 in the alveoli is less than the pressure of inspired O2 immediately

Question 11

where does PACO2 come from?

Answer 11

venous circulation

Question 12

equation for gas pressures

Answer 12

Question 13

partial pressures equation

Answer 13

Question 14

once air enters the lungs, it is saturated with

Answer 14

water vapor

Question 15

partial pressures in the lungs must be corrected for

Answer 15

vapor pressure

subtract from atmospheric pressure

Question 16

partial pressure of water is

Answer 16

47

subtract from atmospheric pressure

Question 17

to correct for water vapor, subtract 47 from the

Answer 17

atmospheric pressure

Question 18

PIO2 is usually about

Answer 18

150 mmHg

147 at KUMC

Question 19

PIO2 at KUMC is about

Answer 19

147 mmHg

Question 20

PB at KUMC is about

Answer 20

747 mmHg

Question 21

what factors can alter PIO2?

Answer 21

1. changing atmospheric pressure
2. changing fractionated concentration

Question 22

Fc of oxygen in atmosphere is about

Answer 22

21%

Question 23

as long as there is a higher amount of oxygen in the air, it will readily diffuse into

Answer 23

circulation

concept: gas –> liquid

Question 24

• delivered by ventilation
• removed by blood flow (metabolism)

Answer 24

O2

Question 25

* delivered by blood flow * removed by ventilation

Answer 25

CO2

Question 26

high PAO2, Low PACO2

Answer 26

hyperventilation

Question 27

low PAO2, high PACO2

Answer 27

hypoventilation

Question 28

normal ventilation is defined as the ventilation necessary to maintain a PACO2 at

Answer 28

40 mmHg

Question 29

ventilation is [...] related to PACO2

Answer 29

inversely

Question 30

normal PACO2 should be

Answer 30

40 mmHg

Question 31

if alveolar PACO2 is not 40, you have a change in

Answer 31

ventilation

Question 32

if PACO2 is > 40 mmHg, do you have hypo or hyperventilation?

Answer 32

hypo

Question 33

if PACO2 is <40 mmHg, do you have hypo or hyperventilation?

Answer 33

hyper

Question 34

equation for alveolar PO2

Answer 34

Question 35

normal PAO2

Answer 35

100 mmHg

Question 36

arterial and alveolar PCO2 are

Answer 36

identical

Question 37

PaO2 should always be [...]mmHg [...] than PAO2

Answer 37

5-10 mmHg **less**

Question 38

and increase in alveolar ventilation will cause a [...] in PACO2

Answer 38

decrease

Question 39

a decrease in alveolar ventilation will cause an [...] in PACO2

Answer 39

increase

Question 40

factors that impact alveolar gas exchange

Answer 40

* dead space * surface tension | diffusion, shunt unit (TBD later)

Question 41

anatomic dead space

Answer 41

conducting zones

Question 42

physiologic dead space

Answer 42

alveoli is not getting perfused, no gas exhange

Question 43

regions of the lungs that receive air, but not blood no gas exhange

Answer 43

dead space

Question 44

space in respiratory system other than alveoli

Answer 44

anatomic dead space

Question 45

alveoli that receive air but not blood

Answer 45

physiologic dead space

Question 46

in healthy individuals, physiologic dead space is

Answer 46

nearly zero

Question 47

in healthy individuals, anatomic dead space is about | %

Answer 47

25-35%

Question 48

dead space equation

Answer 48

Question 49

as the difference between PaCO2 and PECO2 becomes greater, dead space

Answer 49

increases

Question 50

volume of air breathed in a single minute

Answer 50

minute ventilation

Question 51

minute ventilation equation

Answer 51

Question 52

anatomic dead space can be estimated knowing the patient's

Answer 52

weight

Question 53

and 150 lb individual would have [...]mL of dead space

Answer 53

150mL

Question 54

alveolar minute ventilation equation

Answer 54

Question 55

* amount of air alveoli receive over a single minute * accounts for anatomic/physiologic dead space

Answer 55

alveolar minute ventilation

Question 56

surface tension is determined by | law

Answer 56

LaPlace's Law

Question 57

LaPlace's Law

Answer 57

Question 58

in a large alveolus, the radius is large so pressure is

Answer 58

low

Question 59

in small alveolus, radius is small so pressure is

Answer 59

high

Question 60

the high pressure in a small alveoli will cause air to flow into

Answer 60

large alveolus | small alveoli may collapse

Question 61

reduces surface tension in smallest alveoli

Answer 61

surfactant | lowers attractive force

Question 62

what type of cells secrete surfactant?

Answer 62

type II alveolar

Question 63

surfactant is more concentrated in [...] alveoli | size

Answer 63

smaller

Question 64

what happens if there is not enough surfactant?

Answer 64

1. decreased compliance 1. atelectasis 1. pulmonary edema | due to small alveoli close

Question 65

closing of small alveoli so that they cannot exchange CO2

Answer 65

atelectasis