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CP Test 3 > B4-100 Intro to Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

B4-100 Intro to Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

alveolar gas equation

A
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2
Q

dead space equation

A
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3
Q

low tissue PO2

A

hypoxia

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4
Q

does gas exchange occur in the conducting zone?

A

no

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5
Q

does gas exhange occur in the respiratory zone?

A

yes

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6
Q

trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

make up the […] zone

A

conducting

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7
Q

respiratory bronchioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs

make up the […] zone

A

respiratory

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8
Q

PICO2 is always

A

zero

only inspiring oxygen and nitrogen

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9
Q

gas exhange in the alveoli occurs […]

how quickly

A

immediately

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10
Q

why is the PAO2 less than PIO2?

A

gas exhange occurs immediately, so the pressure of O2 in the alveoli is less than the pressure of inspired O2 immediately

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11
Q

where does PACO2 come from?

A

venous circulation

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12
Q

equation for gas pressures

A
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13
Q

partial pressures equation

A
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14
Q

once air enters the lungs, it is saturated with

A

water vapor

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15
Q

partial pressures in the lungs must be corrected for

A

vapor pressure

subtract from atmospheric pressure

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16
Q

partial pressure of water is

A

47

subtract from atmospheric pressure

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17
Q

to correct for water vapor, subtract 47 from the

A

atmospheric pressure

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18
Q

PIO2 is usually about

A

150 mmHg

147 at KUMC

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19
Q

PIO2 at KUMC is about

A

147 mmHg

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20
Q

PB at KUMC is about

A

747 mmHg

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21
Q

what factors can alter PIO2?

A
  1. changing atmospheric pressure
  2. changing fractionated concentration
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22
Q

Fc of oxygen in atmosphere is about

A

21%

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23
Q

as long as there is a higher amount of oxygen in the air, it will readily diffuse into

A

circulation

concept: gas –> liquid

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24
Q
  • delivered by ventilation
  • removed by blood flow (metabolism)
A

O2

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25
Q
  • delivered by blood flow
  • removed by ventilation
A

CO2

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26
Q

high PAO2, Low PACO2

A

hyperventilation

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27
Q

low PAO2, high PACO2

A

hypoventilation

28
Q

normal ventilation is defined as the ventilation necessary to maintain a PACO2 at

A

40 mmHg

29
Q

ventilation is […] related to PACO2

A

inversely

30
Q

normal PACO2 should be

A

40 mmHg

31
Q

if alveolar PACO2 is not 40, you have a change in

A

ventilation

32
Q

if PACO2 is > 40 mmHg, do you have hypo or hyperventilation?

A

hypo

33
Q

if PACO2 is <40 mmHg, do you have hypo or hyperventilation?

A

hyper

34
Q

equation for alveolar PO2

A
35
Q

normal PAO2

A

100 mmHg

36
Q

arterial and alveolar PCO2 are

A

identical

37
Q

PaO2 should always be […]mmHg […] than PAO2

A

5-10 mmHg less

38
Q

and increase in alveolar ventilation will cause a […] in PACO2

A

decrease

39
Q

a decrease in alveolar ventilation will cause an […] in PACO2

A

increase

40
Q

factors that impact alveolar gas exchange

A
  • dead space
  • surface tension

diffusion, shunt unit (TBD later)

41
Q

anatomic dead space

A

conducting zones

42
Q

physiologic dead space

A

alveoli is not getting perfused, no gas exhange

43
Q

regions of the lungs that receive air, but not blood
no gas exhange

A

dead space

44
Q

space in respiratory system other than alveoli

A

anatomic dead space

45
Q

alveoli that receive air but not blood

A

physiologic dead space

46
Q

in healthy individuals, physiologic dead space is

A

nearly zero

47
Q

in healthy individuals, anatomic dead space is about

%

A

25-35%

48
Q

dead space equation

A
49
Q

as the difference between PaCO2 and PECO2 becomes greater, dead space

A

increases

50
Q

volume of air breathed in a single minute

A

minute ventilation

51
Q

minute ventilation equation

A
52
Q

anatomic dead space can be estimated knowing the patient’s

A

weight

53
Q

and 150 lb individual would have […]mL of dead space

A

150mL

54
Q

alveolar minute ventilation equation

A
55
Q
  • amount of air alveoli receive over a single minute
  • accounts for anatomic/physiologic dead space
A

alveolar minute ventilation

56
Q

surface tension is determined by

law

A

LaPlace’s Law

57
Q

LaPlace’s Law

A
58
Q

in a large alveolus, the radius is large so pressure is

A

low

59
Q

in small alveolus, radius is small so pressure is

A

high

60
Q

the high pressure in a small alveoli will cause air to flow into

A

large alveolus

small alveoli may collapse

61
Q

reduces surface tension in smallest alveoli

A

surfactant

lowers attractive force

62
Q

what type of cells secrete surfactant?

A

type II alveolar

63
Q

surfactant is more concentrated in […] alveoli

size

A

smaller

64
Q

what happens if there is not enough surfactant?

A
  1. decreased compliance
  2. atelectasis
  3. pulmonary edema

due to small alveoli close

65
Q

closing of small alveoli so that they cannot exchange CO2

A

atelectasis

CP Test 3 (17 decks)

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