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CP Test 3 > B4-103 Intro to Development > Flashcards

B4-103 Intro to Development Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

fertilization occurs in the

A

ampulla

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4
Q

steps of fertilization

5

A
  1. capacitation
  2. penetration of zona pellucida
  3. fusion of plasma membrane of oocyte and sperm
  4. completion of second meiotic division, formation of zygote
  5. cleavage at 24 hrs
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5
Q

what enzyme facillitates the passage of sperm through the corona radiata?

A

hyaluronidase

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6
Q

glycoprotein coat and seminal plasma proteins are removed from the plasma membrane of the sperm

A

capacitation

step 1 of fertilization

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7
Q

what enzymes facillitate the penetration of the zona pellucida?

3

A

esterases, acrosin, neuraminidase

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8
Q

what is the purpose of the zona reaction?

A

prevents polyspermy

granules cause zona to become stiff so no other sperm can enter

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9
Q

what parts of the sperm enter the oocyte?

A

head and tail

no mitochondria

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10
Q

what day does morula development occur

A

day 4

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11
Q

what day[s] is the blastocyst stage?

A

5-7

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12
Q

events of cleavage

A
  • 2 cell stage
  • 4 cell stage
  • 8 cell stage
  • morula

increase in cell number, decrease in cell size
embryo size remains unchanged

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

differentiate between the trophoblast and the inner cell blast

A
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15
Q

embryonic stem cells are derived from the

A

inner cell mass

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16
Q

are pluripotent

A

embryonic stem cells

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17
Q

the trophoblast is formed at week

A

1

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18
Q

the trophoblast gives rise to

2

A

cytotrophoblast
syncytiotrophoblast

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19
Q

the syncytiotrophoblast is responsible for implantation and intitial signs of pregnancy. What mechanisms does it have to aid in this?

2

A
  • proteolytic enzymes
  • chorionic gonadotropin
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20
Q

implantation occurs on day

A

6

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21
Q
  • abnormal trophoblastic proliferation
  • excessive amounts of hCG produced

clinical correlation

A

hydatidiform mole

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22
Q

lack of the zona reaction can result in

A

complete hydatidiform mole

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23
Q

if a hyatidiform mole isn’t found, it can mutate into

A

choriocarcinomas

very malignant

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24
Q
  • vaginal bleeding
  • pelvic pressure
  • enlarged uterus
  • HG

clinical correlation

A

hydatidiform mole

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25
Q

during week […] the inner cell mass forms a bilaminar disk

A

2

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26
Q
  • organizes the head and mouth
  • forms the oropharyngeal membrane
A

prechordal plate

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27
Q

the inner cell mass divides into two parts

A
  • epiblast
  • hypoblast
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28
Q

forms the ectoderm, amnion, and amniotic cavity

A

epiblast

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29
Q

forms the endoderm, prechordal plate, yolk sacs and extraembryonic mesoderm

A

hypoblast

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30
Q

gives rise to the placenta

A

extra embryonic mesoderm

hypoblast

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31
Q
  • formed from extra embryonic somatic mesoderm
  • forms at embryonic pole
  • position changes during development
A

connecting stalk

umbilical chord

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32
Q
  • forms the placental membrane
  • consists of extra embryonic somatic mesoderm
  • cytotrophoblast
  • syncytiotrophoblast
A

chorion

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33
Q

vaginal bleeding beyond 20 weeks is a sign of

A

placenta previa

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34
Q

in placenta previa, palpation of the placenta can cause

A

severe hemorrahage

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35
Q

gastrulation occurs at week […]

A

3

aka trilaminar disk

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36
Q

forms skin, teeth, hair, CNS

A

ectoderm

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37
Q

forms connective tissue

A

mesoderm

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38
Q

forms lungs, GI, GU tracts

A

endoderm

39
Q

why is there no mesoderm at the oropharyngeal and cloacal membranes?

A

no blood supply, causes the membrane to disintegrate leaving openings

40
Q

caused by abnormal migration of germ cells or remnants of the primitive streak

A

teratoma

41
Q

significance of primitive streak

A

axis is forming

42
Q

the paraxial mesoderm gives rise to

3

A
  • muscle
  • vertebral skeleton
  • dermis
43
Q

the intermediate mesoderm gives rise to

A

urogenital

kidneys/gonads

44
Q

the lateral plate of the mesoderm gives rise to

A

connective tissue

45
Q

extends from the primitive node anterior to the prechordal plate

A

notochord

46
Q

template for vertebral column

A

notochord

47
Q

induces neural plate, and with SHH, neuralation

A

notochord

48
Q
  • rare slow growing aggressive neoplasms of bone
  • arise from remnants of notochord
  • cause headaches and vision loss
A

chordomas

49
Q

neural crest derivatives: neurons

A

spinal ganglia
autonomic ganglia

50
Q

neural crest derivatives: pigment cells

A

melanocytes of skin and internal organs

51
Q

neural crest derivatives: endocrine

A

chromaffin cells of suprarenal medulla

52
Q

neural crest derivatives: ectomesenchyme

A
  • bone and cartilage of skull
  • aorticopulmonary septation
53
Q

major neurocristopathies

5

A
  • aorticopulmonary septation defects
  • cleft palate/lip
  • DiGeorge
  • pheochromocytoma
  • albinism
54
Q

gives rise to epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of teeth and lens of eye

A

surface ectoderm

55
Q

gives rise to epithelial parts of trachea, lungs and GI organs

A

endoderm

56
Q

gives rise to kidneys and gonads

A

intermediate mesoderm

57
Q

give rise to cartilage and connective tissue of limbs

A

somatic mesoderm

58
Q

gives rise to heart, spleen, and smooth muscle of GI tracts

A

splanchic mesoderm

59
Q

give rise to pigment cells, cranial and sensory ganglia and nerves, the medulla of the suprarenal gland, head mesenchyme, and connective tissue

A

neural crest cells

60
Q

secretes hCG

A

syncytiotrophoblast

61
Q
  • mitotically active
  • stem cell layer of the embryonic portion of the placenta
  • gives rise to synctioblast
A

cytotrophoblasts

62
Q
  • occurs at week 2
  • cells that will form the primitive streak
  • will become the embryo proper
A

epiblast

63
Q
  • occurs in week 2
  • gives rise to extra embryonic endoderm and extra embryonic mesoderm
A

hypoblast

64
Q
  • occurs in week 1
  • will give rise to embryo proper
A

embryoblast/inner cell mast

65
Q

esterase, acrosin, and neuraminidase are needed for the

in acrosome of sperm

A

zona reaction

66
Q

makes zona impermeable to other sperm

A

zona reaction

67
Q

results from lysosomal enzymes released by cortical granules near the plasma membrane of the oocyte

A

zona reaction

68
Q

glycoprotein coat and seminal proteins are removed from the surface of the acrosome during

A

capacitation

69
Q

increase in cell number, but decrease in cell size

A

cleavage

70
Q
  • end of week 1
  • syncytiotrophoblast invade the endometrial lining of the uterus
A

implantation

71
Q

fertilization normally occurs in the

A

ampulla

72
Q

most common location of ectopic tubal pregancy

A

isthmus

73
Q
  • mitotically active
  • stem cells for the embryonic portion of placenta
A

cytotrophoblast cells

74
Q
  • displace endometrial cells at the implantation site
  • release hCG
A

syncytiotrophoblast cells

75
Q

cells that will form the primitive streak and become the embryo proper

A

epiblast

76
Q

gives rise to extra embryonic endoderm and mesoderm

A

hypoblast

77
Q

derived from epiblast and give rise to amnion and amniotic cavity

A

amnion cells

78
Q

displaces endothelial cells at implantation site via apoptosis

A

syncytiotrophoblast

79
Q

mitotically active and stem cell layer of embryonic placenta

A

cytotrophoblast

80
Q

gives rise to synctiotrophoblast

A

cytotrophoblast

81
Q

will form primitive streak and become embryo proper

A

epiblast

82
Q
  • abdominal pain
  • vaginal bleeding
  • high hCG
  • empty uterus
A

ectopic pregnancy

83
Q

most likely location of etopic pregnancy is the

A

isthmus or ampulla of uterine tube

84
Q
  • vaginal bleeding like prune juice
  • pelvic pressure
  • lack of fetal heartbeat
A

hydatidiform mole

85
Q

rare slow growing neoplasm of bone thought to arise from the notochord

A

chordoma

86
Q

tumor occuring in the coccyx region thought to arise from remnants of primitive streak or abnormal migration of germ cells

A

sacrococcygeal teratoma

87
Q

the inner cell mass develops into

A

embryo proper

88
Q

outer cell mass forms the

A

trophoblast

89
Q

gastrulation starts with

A

creation of primitive streak on epiblast

90
Q

ectoderm that forms the neural tube

A

neural plate

91
Q

induces the neural plate to form

A

notochord

92
Q
  • located at cranial/cephalic end of primitive streak
  • orchestrates gastrulation
A

primitive node

93
Q

as the primitive streak extends cranially, the cells at the cranial end form the

A

primitive node

CP Test 3 (17 decks)

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