B4-033 Cell Biology/Histology of the Respiratory System Flashcards
mitotically active and produce neuronal cells throughout their life
basal cells
olfactory epithelium
secrete a serous fluid containing OBP which binds to odorants on cilia
olfactory glands
secrete IgA that is transported into the lumen of the olfactory gland
plasma cell
functions as antiseptic paste in olfactory tract
secretory IgA
stem cells of olfactory epithelium
basal cells
supporting cells of olfactory epithelium
sustentacular cells
nasal/oral cavities to terminal bronchioles makes up the […] system
conducting
respiratory bronchioles and alveoli make up the […] system
respiratory
carries oxygenated blood to the walls of the bronchi, arteries, veins, and connective tissue septa
bronchial artery
structure that supports and holds open trachea
c shaped hyaline cartilage rings
in the bronchi, rings of cartilage are replaced by
plates of cartilage
mucous comes from
2 structures
goblet cells
submucosal glands
process by which cilia move mucous up and out of the respiratory system
mucociliary escalator
in the bronchiole, smooth muscle fibers are oriented
concentrically
in the bronchiole, elastic fibers are oriented
longitudinally
terminal bronchiole
as the number of goblet cell decreases, […..] cells appear in the epithelial layer
nonciliated Clara cells
club cells
secrete surfactant material that coats the bronchiolar epithelium
club/clara cells
- increases pulmonary compliance
- prevents atelectasis
- keeps airways dry
- opsonize pathogens
surfactant
IRDS is a caused by a lack of
surfactant
synthesized around 28 weeks
cell with very, very thin cytoplasm lining the alveolar sac
Type I pneumocyte
cuboidal cell that secretes surfactant in alveolar sac
pneumocyte type II
phagocytose material in the alveolar sac
alveolar macrophage
remove old surfactant in the alveolar sac
alveolar macrophage
identify: P1, P2, M, and C
pulmonary surfactant composition
80% phospholipids
10% neutral lipids
10% surfactant proteins
rarely causes lower respiratory infections because it doesn’t grow well about 37 degree
rhinovirus
binds to ACE2 receptors
COVID-19
why is sense of smell lost in COVID?
virus binds to ACE2 receptors in olfactory epithelium
covid targets ACE2 receptors also located on type 2 pneumocytes causing
alveolar collapse
loss of surfactant
common nosocomial infection
pneumonia
clots embedded in vessels of lungs causes
PE
produce surfactant
type 2 pneumocytes
infant respiratory distress syndrome is caused by
lack of surfactant
cells that produce mucus
goblet cells
thin cells across which gas exchange occurs by diffusion
type I pneumocytes
non-ciliated cells with round apical surface projections
clara/club cells
produce proteins that protect airway against injury or infection
club/clara cells
permit gas exchange across their cytoplasm
type I pneumocytes
what 3 structures form the blood-air-barrier?
- type 1 pneumocyte
- combined basement membrane
- endothelial cells
interface with the circulating blood
endothelial cells
provide an anticoagulant barrier between the vessel wall and blood
endothelial cells
produce inflammatory cytokines
pulmonary macrophages
allow collateral air circulation to pass between adjacent alveoli
pores of Kohn
allow communication between alveoli
pores of Kohn
provide a collateral pathway if small bronchioles become obstructed
pores of Kohn
