B4-033 Cell Biology/Histology of the Respiratory System

Question 1

mitotically active and produce neuronal cells throughout their life

Answer 1

basal cells

olfactory epithelium

Question 2

secrete a serous fluid containing OBP which binds to odorants on cilia

Answer 2

olfactory glands

Question 3

secrete IgA that is transported into the lumen of the olfactory gland

Answer 3

plasma cell

Question 4

functions as antiseptic paste in olfactory tract

Answer 4

secretory IgA

Question 5

stem cells of olfactory epithelium

Answer 5

basal cells

Question 6

supporting cells of olfactory epithelium

Answer 6

sustentacular cells

Question 7

nasal/oral cavities to terminal bronchioles makes up the […] system

Answer 7

conducting

Question 8

respiratory bronchioles and alveoli make up the […] system

Answer 8

respiratory

Question 9

carries oxygenated blood to the walls of the bronchi, arteries, veins, and connective tissue septa

Answer 9

bronchial artery

Question 10

structure that supports and holds open trachea

Answer 10

c shaped hyaline cartilage rings

Question 11

in the bronchi, rings of cartilage are replaced by

Answer 11

plates of cartilage

Question 12

mucous comes from

2 structures

Answer 12

goblet cells
submucosal glands

Question 13

process by which cilia move mucous up and out of the respiratory system

Answer 13

mucociliary escalator

Question 14

in the bronchiole, smooth muscle fibers are oriented

Answer 14

concentrically

Question 15

in the bronchiole, elastic fibers are oriented

Answer 15

longitudinally

Question 16

Answer 16

terminal bronchiole

Question 17

as the number of goblet cell decreases, […..] cells appear in the epithelial layer

Answer 17

nonciliated Clara cells

club cells

Question 18

secrete surfactant material that coats the bronchiolar epithelium

Answer 18

club/clara cells

Question 19

• increases pulmonary compliance
• prevents atelectasis
• keeps airways dry
• opsonize pathogens

Answer 19

surfactant

Question 20

IRDS is a caused by a lack of

Answer 20

surfactant

synthesized around 28 weeks

Question 21

cell with very, very thin cytoplasm lining the alveolar sac

Answer 21

Type I pneumocyte

Question 22

cuboidal cell that secretes surfactant in alveolar sac

Answer 22

pneumocyte type II

Question 23

phagocytose material in the alveolar sac

Answer 23

alveolar macrophage

Question 24

remove old surfactant in the alveolar sac

Answer 24

alveolar macrophage

Question 25

# identify: P1, P2, M, and C

Answer 25

Question 26

pulmonary surfactant composition

Answer 26

80% phospholipids 10% neutral lipids 10% surfactant proteins

Question 27

rarely causes lower respiratory infections because it doesn't grow well about 37 degree

Answer 27

rhinovirus

Question 28

binds to ACE2 receptors

Answer 28

COVID-19

Question 29

why is sense of smell lost in COVID?

Answer 29

virus binds to ACE2 receptors in olfactory epithelium

Question 30

covid targets ACE2 receptors also located on type 2 pneumocytes causing

Answer 30

alveolar collapse | loss of surfactant

Question 31

common nosocomial infection

Answer 31

pneumonia

Question 32

clots embedded in vessels of lungs causes

Answer 32

PE

Question 33

produce surfactant

Answer 33

type 2 pneumocytes

Question 34

infant respiratory distress syndrome is caused by

Answer 34

lack of surfactant

Question 35

cells that produce mucus

Answer 35

goblet cells

Question 36

thin cells across which gas exchange occurs by diffusion

Answer 36

type I pneumocytes

Question 37

non-ciliated cells with round apical surface projections

Answer 37

clara/club cells

Question 38

produce proteins that protect airway against injury or infection

Answer 38

club/clara cells

Question 39

permit gas exchange across their cytoplasm

Answer 39

type I pneumocytes

Question 40

what 3 structures form the blood-air-barrier?

Answer 40

1. type 1 pneumocyte 2. combined basement membrane 3. endothelial cells

Question 41

interface with the circulating blood

Answer 41

endothelial cells

Question 42

provide an anticoagulant barrier between the vessel wall and blood

Answer 42

endothelial cells

Question 43

produce inflammatory cytokines

Answer 43

pulmonary macrophages

Question 44

allow collateral air circulation to pass between adjacent alveoli

Answer 44

pores of Kohn

Question 45

allow communication between alveoli

Answer 45

pores of Kohn

Question 46

provide a collateral pathway if small bronchioles become obstructed

Answer 46

pores of Kohn