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CP Test 3 > B4-057 Obstructive Lung Disease > Flashcards

B4-057 Obstructive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

increase in resistance to airflow due to diffuse airway disease

A

obstructive

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2
Q

reduced expansion of lung parenchyma and decreased TLC

A

restrictive lung disease

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3
Q

obstructive lung disease: FEV1/FVC is

A

less than 0.7

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4
Q

restrictive lung disease: FEV1/FVC is

A

normal

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5
Q

2 diseases under COPD

A
  • emphysema
  • chronic bronchitis
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6
Q

if theres a reversible component, patient may have COPD and

A

asthma

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7
Q

primary risk factor for COPD

A

smoking

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8
Q
  • affects proximal acinus
  • respiratory bronchioles are enlarged, distal alveoli are spared
  • upper lobe predominant
A

centriacinar

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9
Q
  • affects entire acinus
  • uniform enlargement from respiratory bronchiole to alveoli
  • lower lobe predominant
A

panacinar

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10
Q

what type of emphysema is associated with heavy smoking?

A

centriacinar

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11
Q

what type of empysema is associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency?

A

panacinar

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12
Q
A

centriacinar emphysema

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13
Q
A

panacinar emphysema

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14
Q
A

emphysema

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15
Q

an increase in […] damages the elastic fibers of the alveoli septa, causing emphysema

A

neutrophil elastase

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16
Q

loss of […] in the alveolar walls allows the respiratory bronchioles to collapse during expiration

A

elastic tissue

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17
Q

in emphysema, hyperinflation is caused by

A

air being trapped in alveoli and dilation of distal airspaces

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18
Q

A1AT deficiency + smoking causes

A

increased severity and earlier age of onset of emphysema

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19
Q

A1AT deficiency can also cause

A

liver cirrhosis

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20
Q
  • increased bronchovascular markings with bronchial cuffing
  • cardiomegaly
A

chronic bronchitis

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21
Q

hyperinflation
* low diaphragm
* dark lung fields with reduced vascular markings

A

emphysema

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22
Q

caused by exposure to noxious inhaled substances

A

chronic bronchitis

smoke, grain/cotton/silica dust

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23
Q

mucus hypersecretion in airway

A

chronic bronchitis

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24
Q

acquired CTFR dysfunction from smoking

A

chronic bronchitis

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25
Q
  • goblet cell hyperplasia
  • basement membrane thickening
  • smooth muscle hyperplasia
A

chronic bronchitis

26
Q

complications of COPD

3

A
  • pneumothorax
  • pneumonia
  • pulmonary hypertension
27
Q

due to increased airway sensitivity to a variety of stimuli

A

episodic bronchoconstriction

asthma

28
Q

wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness, cough

29
Q
  • triggered by exposure to allergens
  • associated with rhinitis, eczema, urticaria, family hx
A

atopic asthma

30
Q

chronic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity but no evidence of sensitization to allergen

A

non-atopic asthma

31
Q

an exaggerated Th2-mediated IgE response to enviornmental allergens in genetically predisposed individuals

A

atopic asthma

32
Q

stimulates B cells to produce IgE

33
Q

activates eosinophils

34
Q

stimulates mucus secretion and increases IgE

35
Q

binds Fc receptors on mast cells

36
Q

re-exposure to antigen results in

A

immediate IgE cross-linking on mast cells

immediate hypersensitivity reaction

37
Q

cause bronchoconstriction, vascular permeability, and mucus production

A

leukotrienes

38
Q

cause bronchoconstriction via muscarinic receptors

A

acetylcholine

39
Q

forms charcot-leyden crystals, inflammation and mucus production

A

galectin-10

40
Q

young children who develop lower respiratory tract infections have increased risk of developing

A

severe/persistent asthma

41
Q
A

charcot leyden crystals

tons of eosinophils

42
Q

destruction of smooth muscle and elastic tissue causing irreversible dilation of bronchi and bronchioles

A

bronchiectasis

43
Q
A

bronchiectasis

44
Q
A

bronchiolectasis

45
Q
  • severe, persistent, productive cough
  • purulent, foul smelling sputum
  • dyspnea
  • hemoptysis
A

bronchiectasis

46
Q
  • impaired mucociliary clearance
  • organ laterality defects
A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

47
Q

defect in dynein

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

48
Q

situs inversus, sinusitis, bronchiectasis

A

kartagener syndrome

primary ciliary dyskinesia

49
Q

caused by aspergillus

50
Q
  • high serum IgE
  • Charcot-Leyden crytals
  • IgG to aspergillus
51
Q

treatment bronchiectasis

A
  • antibiotics
  • chest physical therapy
52
Q
  • barrel shaped chest
  • prolonged expiration
  • pursed lips breathing
53
Q

CXR
* increased AP diameter
* flattened diaphragm
* increased field lucency

54
Q
  • wheezing, crackles
  • cyanosis
  • dyspnea
  • CO2 retention
A

chronic bronchitis

55
Q

hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucus secreting glands in bronchi

A

chronic bronchitis

56
Q

productive cough > 3months in two years

A

chronic bronchitis

this is from FA, not sure she mentioned it

57
Q
  • asymptomatic baseline
  • intermittent coughing, wheezing, dyspnea, hypoxemia
  • mucus plugging
58
Q
  • hyperresponsive bronchi
  • reversible bronchoconstriction
  • smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia
59
Q
  • daily purulent sputum
  • recurrent infections (P. aeruginosa)
  • hemoptysis
  • digital clubbing
A

bronchiectasis

60
Q

chronic necrotizing infection of bronchi or obstruction leading to permanently dilated airways

A

bronchiectasis

CP Test 3 (17 decks)

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