B4-039 Smoking Cessation

Question 1

most important smoking related infection worldwide

Answer 1

tuberculosis

Question 2

associated with a 3-fold increases in TB and TB related mortality

Answer 2

smoking

Question 3

there is a strong dose-response between cigarette smoking and […] infections

Answer 3

pneumococcal

Question 4

both active and passive smokers are at an increased risk of what vaccine preventable disease?

Answer 4

pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 5

ACIP recommends what vaccination for all adult smokers?

Answer 5

pneumococcal polysaccaride vaccine

PPSV23 (this seems low yield)

Question 6

increases the risk of CVD, SCD, peripheral vascular disease, and aortic aneuryms

Answer 6

smoking

Question 7

aortic aneuryms are associated with

Answer 7

• smoking
• male gender
• increasing age
• atherosclerosis

Question 8

smoking is direct risk factor to aortic aneurysm due to causing

Answer 8

endothelial dysfunction and injury

Question 9

smoking inhances coaguability via causing

Answer 9

endothelial dysfunction and injury

Question 10

enhanced coaguability due to smoking increases the risk of stroke in what population?

Answer 10

those taking oral contraceptives

Question 11

smoking + oral contraceptives increases the risk of

Answer 11

stroke

Question 12

oral contraceptives are contraindicated in women 35 or older smoking [how many cigarettes]

Answer 12

more than 15 cigarettes/day

Question 13

how does cigarette smoking delay wound healing?

Answer 13

• local vasoconstriction
• local thrombosis
• reduced oxygen carrying capacity

Question 14

smoking cessation prior to surgery can decrease the risk of

Answer 14

post-op wound and respiratory complications

Question 15

smoking is most prevalent in what patient population?

Answer 15

those with mental illness

Question 16

higher rates of smoking are closely associated with what SES factors?

Answer 16

• poverty
• low education

Question 17

work synergistically with cigarettes to increase the risk of lung cancer

2

Answer 17

• asbestos
• alpha radiation (uranium miners)

Question 18

marker of high nicotine dependency

Answer 18

having first cigarette within 30 min of waking

Question 19

nicotine half-life

Answer 19

approx. 2 hours

Question 20

why is the first morning cigarette particularly enjoyable?

Answer 20

nearly all nicotine has left the body during sleep, so the nicotine receptors are empty

Question 21

nicotinic receptor agonist antagonist

Answer 21

varenicline

Question 22

nicotine nasal spray is a nicotinic receptor

Answer 22

agonist

Question 23

a vast majority of deaths due to secondhand smoke are caused by

Answer 23

heart disease

Question 24

symptoms of withdrawal

Answer 24

• difficulty concentrating
• anxiety
• irritability
• restlessness
• hunger
• cravings for tobacco
• disturbed sleep
• depression

Question 25

increased HR, euphoria and decreased appetite are effects of

Answer 25

nicotine

Question 26

smoking during pregnancy is associated with

Answer 26

preterm delivery and low birthweight

Question 27

why does smoking in pregnancy cause preterm labor and low birthweight?

Answer 27

nicotine causes vasoconstriction leading to reduced fetal growth and neurotoxicity | careful with any nicotine replacement for pregnant patients

Question 28

can increase the risk of seizure

Answer 28

bupropion

Question 29

causes transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 29

nicotine

Question 30

is nicotine replacement therapy safe for someone with stable heart disease?

Answer 30

yes, chronic nicotine exposure seems to have little effect on CV system | effects of nicotine are acute

Question 31

most common death associated with environmental tobacco smoke

Answer 31

heart disease

Question 32

stimulates arousal, pleasure, appetite suppression and improved concentration

Answer 32

nicotine

Question 33

COPD patients must have a FEV1/FVC ratio less than [...] to meet diagnostic requirements

Answer 33

70%

Question 34

[emphysema/chronic bronchitis] has reduction in diffusion capacity

Answer 34

emphysema

Question 35

[emphysema/chronic bronchitis] has normal diffusing capacity

Answer 35

chronic bronchitis

Question 36

complication of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease/hypoxemia

Answer 36

cor pulmonale

Question 37

in a patient with long standing COPD, metabolic alkalosis is compensatory for

Answer 37

chronic respiratory acidosis

Question 38

why does COPD cause chronic respiratory acidosis?

Answer 38

retained CO2

Question 39

most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD

Answer 39

viral infection | rhinovirus

Question 40

acute respiratory infection secondary to viruses is the most common cause of

Answer 40

acute exacerbation of COPD

Question 41

BPAP improves

Answer 41

minute ventilation

Question 42

binds the acetylcholine receptor on the airway smooth muscle

Answer 42

ipratropium

Question 43

ipratropium binds the

Answer 43

acetylcholine receptor

Question 44

binds the beta receptor on airway smooth muscle

Answer 44

albuterol