B4-039 Smoking Cessation Flashcards
most important smoking related infection worldwide
tuberculosis
associated with a 3-fold increases in TB and TB related mortality
smoking
there is a strong dose-response between cigarette smoking and […] infections
pneumococcal
both active and passive smokers are at an increased risk of what vaccine preventable disease?
pneumococcal pneumonia
ACIP recommends what vaccination for all adult smokers?
pneumococcal polysaccaride vaccine
PPSV23 (this seems low yield)
increases the risk of CVD, SCD, peripheral vascular disease, and aortic aneuryms
smoking
aortic aneuryms are associated with
- smoking
- male gender
- increasing age
- atherosclerosis
smoking is direct risk factor to aortic aneurysm due to causing
endothelial dysfunction and injury
smoking inhances coaguability via causing
endothelial dysfunction and injury
enhanced coaguability due to smoking increases the risk of stroke in what population?
those taking oral contraceptives
smoking + oral contraceptives increases the risk of
stroke
oral contraceptives are contraindicated in women 35 or older smoking [how many cigarettes]
more than 15 cigarettes/day
how does cigarette smoking delay wound healing?
- local vasoconstriction
- local thrombosis
- reduced oxygen carrying capacity
smoking cessation prior to surgery can decrease the risk of
post-op wound and respiratory complications
smoking is most prevalent in what patient population?
those with mental illness
higher rates of smoking are closely associated with what SES factors?
- poverty
- low education
work synergistically with cigarettes to increase the risk of lung cancer
2
- asbestos
- alpha radiation (uranium miners)
marker of high nicotine dependency
having first cigarette within 30 min of waking
nicotine half-life
approx. 2 hours
why is the first morning cigarette particularly enjoyable?
nearly all nicotine has left the body during sleep, so the nicotine receptors are empty
nicotinic receptor agonist antagonist
varenicline
nicotine nasal spray is a nicotinic receptor
agonist
a vast majority of deaths due to secondhand smoke are caused by
heart disease
symptoms of withdrawal
- difficulty concentrating
- anxiety
- irritability
- restlessness
- hunger
- cravings for tobacco
- disturbed sleep
- depression
increased HR, euphoria and decreased appetite are effects of
nicotine
smoking during pregnancy is associated with
preterm delivery and low birthweight
why does smoking in pregnancy cause preterm labor and low birthweight?
nicotine causes vasoconstriction leading to reduced fetal growth and neurotoxicity
careful with any nicotine replacement for pregnant patients
can increase the risk of seizure
bupropion
causes transient increases in heart rate and blood pressure
nicotine
is nicotine replacement therapy safe for someone with stable heart disease?
yes, chronic nicotine exposure seems to have little effect on CV system
effects of nicotine are acute
most common death associated with environmental tobacco smoke
heart disease
stimulates arousal, pleasure, appetite suppression and improved concentration
nicotine
COPD patients must have a FEV1/FVC ratio less than […] to meet diagnostic requirements
70%
[emphysema/chronic bronchitis] has reduction in diffusion capacity
emphysema
[emphysema/chronic bronchitis] has normal diffusing capacity
chronic bronchitis
complication of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease/hypoxemia
cor pulmonale
in a patient with long standing COPD, metabolic alkalosis is compensatory for
chronic respiratory acidosis
why does COPD cause chronic respiratory acidosis?
retained CO2
most common cause of acute exacerbation of COPD
viral infection
rhinovirus
acute respiratory infection secondary to viruses is the most common cause of
acute exacerbation of COPD
BPAP improves
minute ventilation
binds the acetylcholine receptor on the airway smooth muscle
ipratropium
ipratropium binds the
acetylcholine receptor
binds the beta receptor on airway smooth muscle
albuterol
