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MSK Exam 1 Spring 2015 > Bone and Cartilage Pathology II > Flashcards

Bone and Cartilage Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

lump on rib, full of hemosiderin

A

brown tumor

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2
Q

renal osteodystrophy

A

skeletal changes that occur in chronic renal disease

tubular dysfunction
generalized renal failure
decreased production of secreted factors
metabolic acidosis

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3
Q

overlying skin intact with fx

A

simple

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4
Q

bone breaks through skin surface

A

compound

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5
Q

bone fragmented with fx

A

comminuted

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6
Q

ends of bones are not aligned with fx

A

displaced

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7
Q

slowly developing fracture that follows period of increased physical activity where bone subject to repeated loads

A

stress

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8
Q

fx only partially through bones

A

greenstick

in kids - with soft bones

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9
Q

fx from weak bone with underlying disease

A

pathologic

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10
Q

osteopenia, osteomalacia, hyperPTH, growth retardation in patient with chronic renal failure

A

renal osteodystrophy

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11
Q

result of hyperPTH

A

osteoporosis
brown tumors
osteitis fibrosa cystica

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12
Q

corticosteroid use

A

can lead to osteonecrosis

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13
Q

avascular necrosis

A

with dislocation of hip

cut off blood supply via the obturator artery

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14
Q

osteonecrosis

A

often affects medulla infarcts

cortex - collateral blood flow

fat necrosis - saponification

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15
Q

inflammation of bone and marrow secondary to infection

A

osteomyelitis

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16
Q

pyogenic osteomyelitis

A

hematogenous spread
extension from contiguous site
direct implantation - with surgery

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17
Q

majority of pyogenic osteomyelitis

A

staph aureus

50% cases - no organism isolated

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18
Q

sickle cell osteomyelitis

A

salmonella

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19
Q

sequestrum

A

with osteomyelitis infection

-necrosis of dead bones**

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20
Q

involucrum

A

shell of living tissue (new bone) around sequestran necrotic dead bone in osteomyelitis

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21
Q

brodie abscess

A

small intraosseous abscess with osteomyelitis

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22
Q

sclerosing osteomyelitis of garre

A

jaw - associated with extensive new bone formation that obscures much of underlying osseous structures

23
Q

Xray with lytic focus of bone surrounded by sclerosis

A

suggest diagnosis of osteomyelitis

24
Q

pott disease

A

tuberculous spondylitis

25
Q

first hint of bone tumor

A

pathologic fractures

26
Q

bone tumors

A

majority - benign - in younger patients

older adults - likely malignant

27
Q

most common bone tumor

A

metastatic

28
Q

osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma

A

B9 bone producing tumor

osteoblastoma is >2cm

29
Q

osteoblastoma

A

greater than 2cm

30
Q

23yo M heel hurts at night

A

lytic tumor

-osteoid osteoma

31
Q

at epiphysis

A

giant cell tumor

32
Q

at diaphysis

A

ewing sarcoma

33
Q

nidus

A

central lytic lesion in osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma

surrounded by reactive bone that is thicker

34
Q

most common primary bone tumor

A

osteosarcoma

35
Q

osteosarcoma

A

malignant

cancerous cells produce osteoid matrix or mineralized bone

36
Q

common site of osteosarcoma

37
Q

age of osteosarcoma

A

bimodal

  • 75% >20yo
  • 25% older adults

more in men

38
Q

painful progressively enlarging mass of knee

A

osteosarcoma

39
Q

codman triangle

A

Xray finding - triangular shadow between cortex and raised ends of periosteum

in osteosarcoma - not diagnostic

40
Q

mets of osteosarcoma

41
Q

tx osteosarcoma

A

neoadjuvant chemo

surgery

42
Q

prognosis of osteosarcoma

A

60-70% 5 year without mets

43
Q

exostosis

A

osteochondroma

benign cartilage capped tumor that is attached to underlying skeleton by bony stalk

44
Q

most common benign bone tumor

A

osteochondroma

45
Q

growth of osteochondroma

A

stop growing at time of growth plate closure

46
Q

tx of osteochondroma

A

symptomatic - simple excision

47
Q

chondroma

A

benign tumor of hyaline cartilage

48
Q

enchondroma

A

chondroma from medullary cavity

49
Q

juxtacortical chondroma

A

chondroma from surface of bone

50
Q

solitary metaphyseal lesion of tubular bones of hands and feet

A

enchondroma

51
Q

Xray circumscribed lucencies with central calcifications, sclerotic rim, and intact cortex

A

enchondromas

52
Q

ollier disease

A

multiple chondroma - nonhereditary disorders characterized by multiple enchondromas

53
Q

maffucci syndrome

A

multiple chondroma - and spindle cell hemangiomas

54
Q

risks with maffucci syndrome

A

developing ovarian carcinoma and brain gliomas

MSK Exam 1 Spring 2015 (21 decks)

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