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MSK Exam 1 Spring 2015 > Bone and Cartilage Pathology I > Flashcards

Bone and Cartilage Pathology I Flashcards

1
Q

osteoid

A

soft and squishy

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2
Q

osteoblast derived proteins

A

type I collagen

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3
Q

osteoblasts

A

lay down bone

mononuclear**

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4
Q

osteoblastic tumor

A

prostate pets

-lays down bone

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5
Q

osteoclasts

A

macrophage family

break down bone

multinucleated - 3-25 nuclei**

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6
Q

bone homeostasis

A

10% bone replace anually

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7
Q

peak bone mass

A

early in adulthood right after puberty

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8
Q

catabolic

A

break down bone

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9
Q

anabolic

A

lay down new bone

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10
Q

increased PTH

A

osteoclast activity

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11
Q

decreased PTH

A

osteoblast activity

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12
Q

RANK/RANK-L

A

interaction stimulates osteoclast formation

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13
Q

FGFR3

A

achrondoplasia

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14
Q

COL1A1 and COL1A2

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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15
Q

HOXD13

A

bradydactylyl type D and E

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16
Q

common cause of dwarfism

A

achondroplasia

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17
Q

blue sclera

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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18
Q

short broad terminal phalanges of first digits

A

bradydactyly

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19
Q

most common disease of growth plate

A

achondroplasia

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20
Q

why blue sclera

A

missing collagen type I

-see choroid of eye through sclera

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21
Q

brittle bone disease

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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22
Q

deficiency in synthesis of collage type I

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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23
Q

kids with lots of fractures

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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24
Q

subtypes of OI

A

1 - decreased synthesis of pro-alpha1 chain
auto dominant

2 and 3 - don’t survive

4 - compatible with life auto dominant
-short pro-alpha2

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25
Q

marble bone disease

A

osteopetrosis

26
Q

albers schonberg disease

A

osteopetrosis

27
Q

reduced bone resoprtion and skeletal sclerosis

A

osteopetrosis

missing osteoclasts

28
Q

X-ray with thick femur

A

osteopetrosis

29
Q

erlenmeyer flask deformity

A

osteopetrosis

30
Q

osteopetrosis

A

deficient osteoclasts

  • bulbous long bones
  • compression of neural foramina
31
Q

cannot hear

A

common problem with osteopetrosis

32
Q

anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

A

replace marrow with crappy bone
-in osteopetrosis

get infections

33
Q

auto recessive osteopetrosis

A

fracture, anemia, hydrocephaly - postpartum mortality

34
Q

auto dominant osteopetrosis

A

detected adolescence or adulthood
-repeated fractures

may have CN deficits and anemia

35
Q

dystoses

A

abnormalities in single bone or localized group of bone

arise from defects in migration and condensation of mesenchyme

absent, supernumary, or fused bones

36
Q

dysplasia

A

global disorganization of bone and cartilage

37
Q

mutation in CA2

A

osteopetrosis

renal tubular acidosis

38
Q

osteopenia vs. osteoporosis

A

both decreased bone mass

osteoporosis - severe enough osteopenia that you get risk of fractures

39
Q

infections and fractures

A

osteopetrosis

40
Q

primary causes of osteoporosis

A

idiopathic
postmenopausal
senile

41
Q

iatrogenic osteoporosis

A

over-tx of hyperthyroidism

42
Q

most common forms of osteoporosis

A

senile and postmenopausal forms

43
Q

histo normal bone decreased in quantity

A

osteoporosis

44
Q

vertebral collapse

A

with osteoporosis

45
Q

menopause changes

A

decreased estrogen
increased IL1, IL6 and TNF
increased RANK/RANKL
increased osteoclast activity

lead to osteoporosis

46
Q

vertebral fractures, lumbar lordosis, kyphoscoliosis

A

osteoporosis

47
Q

complication of osteoporosis

A

PE and pneumonia**

48
Q

paget disease

A

osteitis deformans

increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass

osteoclast work over time - osteoblast can’t keep up

49
Q

stages of pagets

A

osteolytic - osteoclasts
osteosclerotis - osteoblasts
mixed - both

50
Q

mosaic pattern of lamellar bone

A

sclerotic phase of paget disease

prominent cement lines

51
Q

paget clinical

A

15% monostotic
85% polyostotic**

often involves axial skeleton and proximal femur

52
Q

leontiasis ossea

A

lion face - caused by enlargement of craniofacial skeleton - in pagets

53
Q

complication of paget

A

sarcoma

54
Q

saber bone

A

pagets

-bowed bone

55
Q

rickets

A

vit D deficiency in kids

56
Q

osteomalacia

A

vit D deficiency in adults

57
Q

string of beads

A

along ribs

with ricketic rosary

58
Q

PTH effect

A

increases RANKL on osteoblasts

-activates osteoclasts

59
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

increased resorption of calcium by renal tubules
increased urinary excretion of phosphates
increased bone resorption - osteoclasts

60
Q

most common cause hyperPTH

A

PTH adenoma

-often asymptomatic - hyperCa on screening

61
Q

dissecting osteitis

A

with hyperPTH

MSK Exam 1 Spring 2015 (21 decks)

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