Bone and Cartilage Pathology I

Question 1

osteoid

Answer 1

soft and squishy

Question 2

osteoblast derived proteins

Answer 2

type I collagen

Question 3

osteoblasts

Answer 3

lay down bone

mononuclear**

Question 4

osteoblastic tumor

Answer 4

prostate pets

-lays down bone

Question 5

osteoclasts

Answer 5

macrophage family

break down bone

multinucleated - 3-25 nuclei**

Question 6

bone homeostasis

Answer 6

10% bone replace anually

Question 7

peak bone mass

Answer 7

early in adulthood right after puberty

Question 8

catabolic

Answer 8

break down bone

Question 9

anabolic

Answer 9

lay down new bone

Question 10

increased PTH

Answer 10

osteoclast activity

Question 11

decreased PTH

Answer 11

osteoblast activity

Question 12

RANK/RANK-L

Answer 12

interaction stimulates osteoclast formation

Question 13

FGFR3

Answer 13

achrondoplasia

Question 14

COL1A1 and COL1A2

Answer 14

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 15

HOXD13

Answer 15

bradydactylyl type D and E

Question 16

common cause of dwarfism

Answer 16

achondroplasia

Question 17

blue sclera

Answer 17

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 18

short broad terminal phalanges of first digits

Answer 18

bradydactyly

Question 19

most common disease of growth plate

Answer 19

achondroplasia

Question 20

why blue sclera

Answer 20

missing collagen type I

-see choroid of eye through sclera

Question 21

brittle bone disease

Answer 21

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 22

deficiency in synthesis of collage type I

Answer 22

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 23

kids with lots of fractures

Answer 23

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 24

subtypes of OI

Answer 24

1 - decreased synthesis of pro-alpha1 chain
auto dominant

2 and 3 - don’t survive

4 - compatible with life auto dominant
-short pro-alpha2

Question 25

marble bone disease

Answer 25

osteopetrosis

Question 26

albers schonberg disease

Answer 26

osteopetrosis

Question 27

reduced bone resoprtion and skeletal sclerosis

Answer 27

osteopetrosis missing osteoclasts

Question 28

X-ray with thick femur

Answer 28

osteopetrosis

Question 29

erlenmeyer flask deformity

Answer 29

osteopetrosis

Question 30

osteopetrosis

Answer 30

deficient osteoclasts - bulbous long bones - compression of neural foramina

Question 31

cannot hear

Answer 31

common problem with osteopetrosis

Question 32

anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Answer 32

replace marrow with crappy bone -in osteopetrosis get infections

Question 33

auto recessive osteopetrosis

Answer 33

fracture, anemia, hydrocephaly - postpartum mortality

Question 34

auto dominant osteopetrosis

Answer 34

detected adolescence or adulthood -repeated fractures may have CN deficits and anemia

Question 35

dystoses

Answer 35

abnormalities in single bone or localized group of bone arise from defects in migration and condensation of mesenchyme absent, supernumary, or fused bones

Question 36

dysplasia

Answer 36

global disorganization of bone and cartilage

Question 37

mutation in CA2

Answer 37

osteopetrosis | renal tubular acidosis

Question 38

osteopenia vs. osteoporosis

Answer 38

both decreased bone mass osteoporosis - severe enough osteopenia that you get risk of fractures

Question 39

infections and fractures

Answer 39

osteopetrosis

Question 40

primary causes of osteoporosis

Answer 40

idiopathic postmenopausal senile

Question 41

iatrogenic osteoporosis

Answer 41

over-tx of hyperthyroidism

Question 42

most common forms of osteoporosis

Answer 42

senile and postmenopausal forms

Question 43

histo normal bone decreased in quantity

Answer 43

osteoporosis

Question 44

vertebral collapse

Answer 44

with osteoporosis

Question 45

menopause changes

Answer 45

decreased estrogen increased IL1, IL6 and TNF increased RANK/RANKL increased osteoclast activity lead to osteoporosis

Question 46

vertebral fractures, lumbar lordosis, kyphoscoliosis

Answer 46

osteoporosis

Question 47

complication of osteoporosis

Answer 47

PE and pneumonia**

Question 48

paget disease

Answer 48

osteitis deformans increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass osteoclast work over time - osteoblast can't keep up

Question 49

stages of pagets

Answer 49

osteolytic - osteoclasts osteosclerotis - osteoblasts mixed - both

Question 50

mosaic pattern of lamellar bone

Answer 50

sclerotic phase of paget disease prominent cement lines

Question 51

paget clinical

Answer 51

15% monostotic 85% polyostotic** often involves axial skeleton and proximal femur

Question 52

leontiasis ossea

Answer 52

lion face - caused by enlargement of craniofacial skeleton - in pagets

Question 53

complication of paget

Answer 53

sarcoma

Question 54

saber bone

Answer 54

pagets | -bowed bone

Question 55

rickets

Answer 55

vit D deficiency in kids

Question 56

osteomalacia

Answer 56

vit D deficiency in adults

Question 57

string of beads

Answer 57

along ribs with ricketic rosary

Question 58

PTH effect

Answer 58

increases RANKL on osteoblasts | -activates osteoclasts

Question 59

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 59

increased resorption of calcium by renal tubules increased urinary excretion of phosphates increased bone resorption - osteoclasts

Question 60

most common cause hyperPTH

Answer 60

PTH adenoma | -often asymptomatic - hyperCa on screening

Question 61

dissecting osteitis

Answer 61

with hyperPTH