Bone and Cartilage Pathology I Flashcards
osteoid
soft and squishy
osteoblast derived proteins
type I collagen
osteoblasts
lay down bone
mononuclear**
osteoblastic tumor
prostate pets
-lays down bone
osteoclasts
macrophage family
break down bone
multinucleated - 3-25 nuclei**
bone homeostasis
10% bone replace anually
peak bone mass
early in adulthood right after puberty
catabolic
break down bone
anabolic
lay down new bone
increased PTH
osteoclast activity
decreased PTH
osteoblast activity
RANK/RANK-L
interaction stimulates osteoclast formation
FGFR3
achrondoplasia
COL1A1 and COL1A2
osteogenesis imperfecta
HOXD13
bradydactylyl type D and E
common cause of dwarfism
achondroplasia
blue sclera
osteogenesis imperfecta
short broad terminal phalanges of first digits
bradydactyly
most common disease of growth plate
achondroplasia
why blue sclera
missing collagen type I
-see choroid of eye through sclera
brittle bone disease
osteogenesis imperfecta
deficiency in synthesis of collage type I
osteogenesis imperfecta
kids with lots of fractures
osteogenesis imperfecta
subtypes of OI
1 - decreased synthesis of pro-alpha1 chain
auto dominant
2 and 3 - don’t survive
4 - compatible with life auto dominant
-short pro-alpha2
marble bone disease
osteopetrosis
albers schonberg disease
osteopetrosis
reduced bone resoprtion and skeletal sclerosis
osteopetrosis
missing osteoclasts
X-ray with thick femur
osteopetrosis
erlenmeyer flask deformity
osteopetrosis
osteopetrosis
deficient osteoclasts
- bulbous long bones
- compression of neural foramina
cannot hear
common problem with osteopetrosis
anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
replace marrow with crappy bone
-in osteopetrosis
get infections
auto recessive osteopetrosis
fracture, anemia, hydrocephaly - postpartum mortality
auto dominant osteopetrosis
detected adolescence or adulthood
-repeated fractures
may have CN deficits and anemia
dystoses
abnormalities in single bone or localized group of bone
arise from defects in migration and condensation of mesenchyme
absent, supernumary, or fused bones
dysplasia
global disorganization of bone and cartilage
mutation in CA2
osteopetrosis
renal tubular acidosis
osteopenia vs. osteoporosis
both decreased bone mass
osteoporosis - severe enough osteopenia that you get risk of fractures
infections and fractures
osteopetrosis
primary causes of osteoporosis
idiopathic
postmenopausal
senile
iatrogenic osteoporosis
over-tx of hyperthyroidism
most common forms of osteoporosis
senile and postmenopausal forms
histo normal bone decreased in quantity
osteoporosis
vertebral collapse
with osteoporosis
menopause changes
decreased estrogen
increased IL1, IL6 and TNF
increased RANK/RANKL
increased osteoclast activity
lead to osteoporosis
vertebral fractures, lumbar lordosis, kyphoscoliosis
osteoporosis
complication of osteoporosis
PE and pneumonia**
paget disease
osteitis deformans
increased but disordered and structurally unsound bone mass
osteoclast work over time - osteoblast can’t keep up
stages of pagets
osteolytic - osteoclasts
osteosclerotis - osteoblasts
mixed - both
mosaic pattern of lamellar bone
sclerotic phase of paget disease
prominent cement lines
paget clinical
15% monostotic
85% polyostotic**
often involves axial skeleton and proximal femur
leontiasis ossea
lion face - caused by enlargement of craniofacial skeleton - in pagets
complication of paget
sarcoma
saber bone
pagets
-bowed bone
rickets
vit D deficiency in kids
osteomalacia
vit D deficiency in adults
string of beads
along ribs
with ricketic rosary
PTH effect
increases RANKL on osteoblasts
-activates osteoclasts
hyperparathyroidism
increased resorption of calcium by renal tubules
increased urinary excretion of phosphates
increased bone resorption - osteoclasts
most common cause hyperPTH
PTH adenoma
-often asymptomatic - hyperCa on screening
dissecting osteitis
with hyperPTH
