Bonding Structure And Properties Of Matter R Flashcards
What are the three types of strong chemical bonds
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Metallic bonds
What are atoms that have gained or lost electrons called
Ions
What do Ionic bonds occur between
Positive and negative ions
What type of outer shell do ions have and why?
Full,due to ions always having a charge due to losing or gaining electrons giving it the charge
Ionic binding involves a transfer of electrons from ____atoms to ______atoms
Metals
Non-metals
What type of force of attraction is an ionic bond
Electrostatic force of attraction
What are ionic compounds giant structures of
Ions
What are ionic compounds held together by
Strong ionic compounds
What are feature of ionic compounds
Have high melting and boiling points
Don’t conduct electricity when solid due to ions can’t move
Conduct electricity when dissolved or molten because charged ions are free to move about and carry their charge
Where does metallic binding occur
Metallic elements such as iron and copper
Alloys, such as stainless steel
What does delocalised electron mean?
Not bound to one atom
Why can metals conduct electricity surprisingly well for a solid
Die to many delocalised electrons which travel between each molecule to transfer the electricity
what is a lattice of positive ions held together by
electrostatic attraction
what type of bond is pulling together the positive ions and delocalised electrons
metallic bond
why are metals useful as structural materials
metallic bonds are very strong and metals have high melting and boiling points
what type of particle arrangements are in pure metals
a regular arrangement
why are pure metals easily bent
the layers slide over eachother quite easily
why is copper traditionally made to make water pipes
- it is an unreactive metal,so does not react with water
- it can be easily shaped
what are the uses for aluminum
high-voltage power,cables,furniture,drinks cans,foil food wrap
what are the properties of aluminium
corrosion resistant,ductile,malleable,good conductivity,low density
what are the uses for copper
electrical wiring,water pipes,sauce pans
what are the properties of copper
ductile,malleable,good conductivity
what are the uses for gold
jewellery,electrical junctions
what are the properties of gold
ductile,shiny,god conductivity
what are most metal objects made from?
alloys
what do alloys do?
the added element to the pure metal disturbs the weak regular arrangement of the metal atoms so the metal atoms dont slide over eachother so recently
What are transition metals
Metals which have a partially filled outer shell
Where can transition metals be found
The middle of the periodic table
What is a covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons between atoms
Where do covalent bonds occur in
Non metallic elements and compounds of non metals
If a chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outer shell in order to bind with another chlorine atom what must happen
An electron from each atom is shared
This gives chlorine atom eight electrons in the outer shell
Each atom now has a complete outer shell
How can covalent bonds in molecules be shown
Dot and cross diagrams
Are covalent bonds weak or strong
Strong
What do simple molecules contain
A relatively small no. Of non metal atoms joined together by covalent bonds
What usually are substances that consist of simple molecules
Liquids and gases that have relatively low melting and boiling points
Why do simple molecules have low melting and boiling points
They have weak intermolecular forces
If a molecule is large is the intermolecular forces stronger or weaker
Stronger
What happens when you go down group 7 of the periodic table
The molecules get larger and melting points increase due to stronger intermolecular forces
At room temp. What is fluorine
Gas
At room temp.what is bromine
Liquid
At room temp. What is iodine
Solid
What are atoms in giant covalent structures linked by
Strong covalent bonds
What is a giant covalent structure
A giant covalent structure is a three-dimensional structure of atoms that are joined by covalent bonds
What must happen to the bonds in giant covalent structures for it to melt or boil
They must be broken
What do all the strong covalent bonds mean in a diamond
All the strong covalent bonds mean that it is a very hard substance with a very high melting point
What type of structure should diamond have
It has a giant,rigid covalent structure
What does each carbon atom form in diamond
Each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
What is diamond unable to do without charge particles
There are no charged particles so it does not conduct electricity
In graphite what does each carbon atom form
Three covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
What type of shape does graphite have
A layered hexagonal structure
What is layers in graphite held together by
Weak intermolecular forces
What doe is mean if graphite has weak intermolecular forces between kayers
The layers can slide past eachother ,making graphite soft and slippery
One electron from each carbon atom in graphite is ____________
Delocalised
What do delocalised electrons allow graphite to conduct
Heat and electricity
What type of structure does silicon dioxide have
A lattice structure similar to diamond
In silicon dioxide what is each oxygen atom joined to
Two silicon atoms
In silicon dioxide what is each silicon atom joined to
Four oxygen atoms
