BMSC210 CH5.1 Eukaryotes

Question 1

What are eukaryotic microbes characterized by?

Answer 1

Diversity in life cycles, morphology, and nutrition

Question 2

What is one important contribution of fungi?

Answer 2

Producing antimicrobial substances like penicillin

Question 3

How do algae differ from protozoa in terms of their basic characteristics?

Answer 3

Algae are photosynthetic and can be unicellular or multicellular, while protozoa are nonphotosynthetic and always unicellular

Question 4

What is an informal term used to describe microorganisms that drift or float in water?

Answer 4

Plankton

Question 5

What are the two types of plankton?

Answer 5

Zooplankton and phytoplankton

Question 6

Where do protozoans inhabit?

Answer 6

A wide variety of habitats, both aquatic and terrestrial

Question 7

What are the reproductive mechanisms of protozoans?

Answer 7

Asexual and sexual reproduction

Question 8

How does asexual reproduction occur in protozoans?

Answer 8

Binary fission, budding, or schizogony

Question 9

How can protozoans increase genetic diversity?

Answer 9

Sexual reproduction

Question 10

What are the hair-like appendages called in Paramecium spp.?

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

What do Amoeba spp. use for anchoring and locomotion?

Answer 11

Lobe-like pseudopodia

Question 12

What do Euglena spp. use to propel the cell?

Answer 12

Flagellum

Question 13

How many supergroups is Eukarya divided into?

Answer 13

Six
Excavata
Amoebozoa
Opisthokonta
Rhizaria
Chromalveolate
Archaeplastida

Question 14

Which supergroup includes fungi?

Answer 14

Opisthokonta

Question 15

Which supergroup includes some protozoans of clinical significance?

Answer 15

Amoebozoa, Excavata, Chromalveolata

Question 16

What is the supergroup Amoebozoa known for?

Answer 16

Amoeboid movement

Question 17

What structure is responsible for amoeboid movement?

Answer 17

Actin microfilaments

Question 18

What are the two types of slime moulds?

Answer 18

Cellular slime moulds and plasmodial slime moulds

Question 19

What is the difference between cellular and plasmodial slime moulds?

Answer 19

Cellular slime moulds exist as individual amoeboid cells that periodically aggregate into a mobile slug, while plasmodial slime moulds exist as large, multinucleate amoeboid cells

Question 20

What is the purpose of the fruiting body in cellular slime moulds?

Answer 20

To produce haploid spores

Question 21

What are plasmodial slime moulds?

Answer 21

Large multinucleate amoeboid cells that form reproductive stalks to produce spores

Question 22

What defines the supergroup Chromalveolata?

Answer 22

Similar origins of plastids

Question 23

Name two groups within the supergroup Chromalveolata.

Answer 23

Apicomplexans and ciliates

Question 24

What is the function of the apical complex in apicomplexans?

Answer 24

Allows the parasite to enter host cells

Question 25

What is the characteristic feature of apicomplexans?

Answer 25

Apical complex

Question 26

What is a ciliate?

Answer 26

A motile organism with a visible cytostome and cytoproct.

Question 27

What is the most familiar ciliate?

Answer 27

Paramecium.

Question 28

What is the function of the oral groove in Paramecium?

Answer 28

To ingest food

Question 29

What is the function of the anal pore in Paramecium?

Answer 29

To excrete food

Question 30

What is the function of contractile vacuoles in Paramecium?

Answer 30

To excrete excess water

Question 31

What enables Paramecium to move?

Answer 31

Cilia

Question 32

What are some similarities between Öomycetes and fungi?

Answer 32

Cell walls

Question 33

How do Öomycetes differ from fungi?

Answer 33

Cell wall composition, diploid

Question 34

What is the Excavata supergroup?

Answer 34

Primitive eukaryotes and many parasites with limited metabolic abilities

Question 35

What is indicative of an excavate?

Answer 35

A depression on the surface of the cell

Question 36

What are the subgroups of Excavata?

Answer 36

Fornicata, Parabasalia, and Euglenozoa

Question 37

Which subgroup of Excavata lack mitochondria but have flagella?

Answer 37

Fornicata

Question 38

What is a common pathogen in this group?

Answer 38

Giardia lamblia

Question 39

How is Giardia lamblia spread?

Answer 39

Through cysts from faeces that contaminate water supplies

Question 40

What type of animal do Parabasalia live in?

Answer 40

Termites and cockroaches

Question 41

What are the characteristics of Euglena cells?

Answer 41

Two flagella, pellicle, stigma, chloroplasts

Question 42

What is the function of the pellicle in Euglena cells?

Answer 42

Supports the cell membrane and gives shape

Question 43

What diseases do trypanosomes cause?

Answer 43

African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and Chagas disease

Question 44

How are these diseases spread?

Answer 44

By insect bites

Question 45

Which insect is responsible for transmitting African sleeping sickness?

Answer 45

Tsetse fly

Question 46

What gives a Euglena its distinctive shape?

Answer 46

Pellicle

Question 47

What is the pellicle visible as in images?

Answer 47

Delicate parallel striations over the surface

Question 48

What is the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis?

Answer 48

Trypanosoma brucei