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BMSC 210 > BMSC210 CH5.1 Eukaryotes > Flashcards

BMSC210 CH5.1 Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

What are eukaryotic microbes characterized by?

A

Diversity in life cycles, morphology, and nutrition

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2
Q

What is one important contribution of fungi?

A

Producing antimicrobial substances like penicillin

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3
Q

How do algae differ from protozoa in terms of their basic characteristics?

A

Algae are photosynthetic and can be unicellular or multicellular, while protozoa are nonphotosynthetic and always unicellular

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4
Q

What is an informal term used to describe microorganisms that drift or float in water?

A

Plankton

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5
Q

What are the two types of plankton?

A

Zooplankton and phytoplankton

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6
Q

Where do protozoans inhabit?

A

A wide variety of habitats, both aquatic and terrestrial

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7
Q

What are the reproductive mechanisms of protozoans?

A

Asexual and sexual reproduction

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8
Q

How does asexual reproduction occur in protozoans?

A

Binary fission, budding, or schizogony

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9
Q

How can protozoans increase genetic diversity?

A

Sexual reproduction

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10
Q

What are the hair-like appendages called in Paramecium spp.?

A

Cilia

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11
Q

What do Amoeba spp. use for anchoring and locomotion?

A

Lobe-like pseudopodia

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12
Q

What do Euglena spp. use to propel the cell?

A

Flagellum

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13
Q

How many supergroups is Eukarya divided into?

A

Six
Excavata
Amoebozoa
Opisthokonta
Rhizaria
Chromalveolate
Archaeplastida

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14
Q

Which supergroup includes fungi?

A

Opisthokonta

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15
Q

Which supergroup includes some protozoans of clinical significance?

A

Amoebozoa, Excavata, Chromalveolata

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16
Q

What is the supergroup Amoebozoa known for?

A

Amoeboid movement

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17
Q

What structure is responsible for amoeboid movement?

A

Actin microfilaments

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18
Q

What are the two types of slime moulds?

A

Cellular slime moulds and plasmodial slime moulds

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19
Q

What is the difference between cellular and plasmodial slime moulds?

A

Cellular slime moulds exist as individual amoeboid cells that periodically aggregate into a mobile slug, while plasmodial slime moulds exist as large, multinucleate amoeboid cells

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the fruiting body in cellular slime moulds?

A

To produce haploid spores

21
Q

What are plasmodial slime moulds?

A

Large multinucleate amoeboid cells that form reproductive stalks to produce spores

22
Q

What defines the supergroup Chromalveolata?

A

Similar origins of plastids

23
Q

Name two groups within the supergroup Chromalveolata.

A

Apicomplexans and ciliates

24
Q

What is the function of the apical complex in apicomplexans?

A

Allows the parasite to enter host cells

25
Q

What is the characteristic feature of apicomplexans?

A

Apical complex

26
Q

What is a ciliate?

A

A motile organism with a visible cytostome and cytoproct.

27
Q

What is the most familiar ciliate?

A

Paramecium.

28
Q

What is the function of the oral groove in Paramecium?

A

To ingest food

29
Q

What is the function of the anal pore in Paramecium?

A

To excrete food

30
Q

What is the function of contractile vacuoles in Paramecium?

A

To excrete excess water

31
Q

What enables Paramecium to move?

A

Cilia

32
Q

What are some similarities between Öomycetes and fungi?

A

Cell walls

33
Q

How do Öomycetes differ from fungi?

A

Cell wall composition, diploid

34
Q

What is the Excavata supergroup?

A

Primitive eukaryotes and many parasites with limited metabolic abilities

35
Q

What is indicative of an excavate?

A

A depression on the surface of the cell

36
Q

What are the subgroups of Excavata?

A

Fornicata, Parabasalia, and Euglenozoa

37
Q

Which subgroup of Excavata lack mitochondria but have flagella?

A

Fornicata

38
Q

What is a common pathogen in this group?

A

Giardia lamblia

39
Q

How is Giardia lamblia spread?

A

Through cysts from faeces that contaminate water supplies

40
Q

What type of animal do Parabasalia live in?

A

Termites and cockroaches

41
Q

What are the characteristics of Euglena cells?

A

Two flagella, pellicle, stigma, chloroplasts

42
Q

What is the function of the pellicle in Euglena cells?

A

Supports the cell membrane and gives shape

43
Q

What diseases do trypanosomes cause?

A

African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and Chagas disease

44
Q

How are these diseases spread?

A

By insect bites

45
Q

Which insect is responsible for transmitting African sleeping sickness?

A

Tsetse fly

46
Q

What gives a Euglena its distinctive shape?

A

Pellicle

47
Q

What is the pellicle visible as in images?

A

Delicate parallel striations over the surface

48
Q

What is the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis?

A

Trypanosoma brucei

BMSC 210 (24 decks)

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