BMSC210 CH4.2

Question 1

How many classes are the Proteobacteria divided into?

Answer 1

Five
Alphaproteobacteria
Betaproteobacteria
Gammaproteobacteria
Deltaproteobacteria
Epsilonproteobacteria

Question 2

What is the first class of Proteobacteria?

Answer 2

Alphaproteobacteria

Question 3

What is the unifying characteristic of Alphaproteobacteria?

Answer 3

They are oligotrophs

Question 4

What do oligotrophs rely on for their energy needs?

Answer 4

Cells

Question 5

What are elementary bodies?

Answer 5

Endospore-like form of intracellular bacteria

Question 6

What is the relationship between Rhizobium and legume roots?

Answer 6

Symbiotic relationship

Question 7

What type of nutrients do Betaproteobacteria require?

Answer 7

organic nutrients

Question 8

Where do Betaproteobacteria often grow?

Answer 8

between aerobic and anaerobic areas

Question 9

Are some genera of Betaproteobacteria human pathogens?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What is quorum sensing?

Answer 10

Density-dependent communication in bacteria

Question 11

Why is quorum sensing important for bacterial populations?

Answer 11

Delay activation of specific genes until advantageous

Question 12

What is Enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 12

Family of enteric bacteria

Question 13

What are the two categories within Enterobacteriaceae?

Answer 13

Coliforms and non-coliforms

Question 14

What is the prototypical bacterium species of coliforms?

Answer 14

Escherichia coli

Question 15

What is the second category of bacteria that cannot ferment lactose or can only ferment it incompletely?

Answer 15

Noncoliforms

Question 16

Name some notable human pathogens that are noncoliforms.

Answer 16

Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia pestis

Question 17

What is the potentially deadly toxin produced by some strains of E. coli?

Answer 17

Shiga toxin

Question 18

What are serotypes?

Answer 18

Strains or variations of the same species of bacteria

Question 19

How are serotypes classified?

Answer 19

Based on patterns of reactivity by animal antisera against molecules on the surface of the bacterial cells

Question 20

What are the unique characteristics of Escherichia?

Answer 20

Inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals

Question 21

Are most sulphate-reducing bacteria pathogenic?

Answer 21

No, few of them are pathogenic

Question 22

What is the smallest class of Proteobacteria?

Answer 22

Epsilonproteobacteria

Question 23

What are the characteristics of Epsilonproteobacteria?

Answer 23

Gram-negative and microaerophilic

Question 24

What diseases can be caused by Campylobacter?

Answer 24

Food poisoning and severe enteritis

Question 25

What is the common cause of chronic gastritis and ulcers of the stomach and duodenum?

Answer 25

H. pylori

Question 26

What is a common cause of inflammation in the small intestine?

Answer 26

C. jejuni

Question 27

How is C. jejuni usually transmitted to humans?

Answer 27

Eating contaminated poultry products

Question 28

What is H. pylori linked to?

Answer 28

Stomach cancer

Question 29

How is H. pylori able to survive in the stomach?

Answer 29

It produces urease and other enzymes that modify its environment to make it less acidic

Question 30

What are the unique characteristics of the Epsilonproteobacteria class?

Answer 30

Gram-negative, spiral-shaped rod; aerobic (microaerophilic)

Question 31

What are the unique characteristics of the Campylobacter genus?

Answer 31

Gram-negative, spiral-shaped rod; often infects chickens; may infect humans via undercooked meat, causing severe enteritis

Question 32

What are the unique characteristics of the Helicobacter genus?

Answer 32

Gram-negative, spiral-shaped rod; aerobic (microaerophilic) bacterium; can damage the inner lining of the stomach, causing chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer