Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMSC 210 > BMSC210 CH4.3 > Flashcards

BMSC210 CH4.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum do the majority of gram-negative bacteria belong to?

A

Proteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are gram-negative bacteria that do not belong to the phylum Proteobacteria called?

A

Nonproteobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are three classes of gram-negative nonproteobacteria?

A

Spirochetes, CFB group, Planctomycetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are spirochetes characterized?

A

Long, spiral-shaped bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is it difficult to examine spirochetes under a conventional brightfield microscope?

A

They are very thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of microscopy is typically used to examine spirochetes?

A

Darkfield fluorescent microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why are spirochetes difficult or impossible to culture?

A

They are highly motile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the axial filament of a spirochete?

A

Similar to a flagellum, but wraps around the cell and runs inside the cell body of a spirochete in the periplasmic space between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are there spirochetes that are human pathogens?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the gram-negative nonproteobacteria of the CFB group called?

A

Cytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Bacteroides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are fusobacteria?

A

Bacteria that inhabit the human mouth - They may cause severe infectious diseases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of environments are CFB bacteria adapted to?

A

Anaerobic environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main function of CFB bacteria in ruminant animals?

A

To process cellulose in the rumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Cytophaga?

A

Motile aquatic bacteria that glide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which is the largest genus of the CFB group?

A

Bacteroides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are Bacteroides commonly found?

A

Human large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percentage do Bacteroides make up in the entire gut microbiome?

A

About 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do bacteria like Bacteroides benefit from in the gut?

A

Nutrients in the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do humans benefit from Bacteroides in the gut?

A

Prevention of pathogen colonization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to the gut when populations of Bacteroides are reduced?

A

Increased susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria and fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which species of Bacteroides is pathogenic?

A

B. melaninogenicus

22
Q

Where are Planctomycetes found?

A

Aquatic environments

23
Q

How do Planctomycetes reproduce?

A

By budding

24
Q

What are swarmer cells?

A

Motile cells not attached to a surface

25
Q

What allows sessile cells to attach to surfaces in the water?

A

a holdfast

26
Q

What is the primary source of energy for phototrophic bacteria?

A

Sunlight

27
Q

How do phototrophic bacteria synthesize ATP?

A

They use solar energy through photosynthesis.

28
Q

What is the difference between oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis?

A

Oxygenic photosynthesis produces oxygen, while anoxygenic photosynthesis does not.

29
Q

Which type of photosynthesis do the majority of phototrophic bacteria perform?

A

Anoxygenic photosynthesis.

30
Q

What pigments do purple or green bacteria use for photosynthesis?

A

Bacteriochlorophylls.

31
Q

What are some of the accessory pigments found in bacteria?

A

Carotenoids

32
Q

What colors can the bacteria with carotenoids appear?

A

Orange, red, purple, green

33
Q

How are bacteria with carotenoids classified?

A

Sulphur and nonsulphur

34
Q

What type of photosynthesis do sulphur bacteria perform?

A

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

35
Q

What do sulphur bacteria use as electron donors?

A

Sulphites

36
Q

What is released by sulphur bacteria during photosynthesis?

A

Free elemental sulphur

37
Q

What pigments give purple sulphur bacteria their purple color?

A

Bacteriochlorophylls and carotenoids

38
Q

What is the genus of bacteria that are purple?

A

Chromatium

39
Q

Where do sulphur Gammaproteobacteria live?

A

Water

40
Q

What is the only source of carbon for sulphur Gammaproteobacteria?

A

Carbon dioxide

41
Q

What greenhouse gas is produced by Chlorobium?

A

Methane

42
Q

What is the implication of Chlorobium in climate change?

A

It produces methane, a greenhouse gas

43
Q

What are the special vesicle-like organelles called where bacteriochlorophyll is stored?

A

Chlorosomes

44
Q

What is the potential value of green nonsulphur bacteria in the field of biotechnology?

A

Ability to produce biological plastic and hydrogen fuel

45
Q

How are green nonsulphur bacteria different from green sulphur bacteria?

A

Use substrates other than sulphides for oxidation

46
Q

What is the proposed role of cyanobacteria in the Earth’s atmosphere change?

A

Change from anoxic to oxygen-rich environment

47
Q

Where can cyanobacteria thrive?

A

Many habitats, including marine and freshwater environments, soil, and even rocks

48
Q

What range of temperatures can cyanobacteria tolerate?

A

Wide range, even extreme temperatures of the Antarctic

49
Q

How do cyanobacteria live?

A

Unicellular or in colonies, filamentous, forming sheaths or biofilms

50
Q

What is a notable ability of many cyanobacteria?

A

Nitrogen fixation

51
Q

What is the primary photosynthetic pigment in Cyanobacteria?

A

Chlorophyll a

52
Q

What process gave rise to the eukaryotic chloroplast?

A

Endosymbiosis with an ancestor of cyanobacteria

BMSC 210 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions