BMSC210 CH3.4

Question 1

What are some examples of eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 1

Protozoans, algae, fungi, plants, and animals

Question 2

What are the two types of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Independent, single-celled microorganisms and cells in multicellular organisms

Question 3

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not

Question 4

What is the main distinguishing characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane.

Question 5

What organelles are characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.

Question 6

What supports the transport of intracellular components and helps maintain cell shape in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 6

Cytoskeleton.

Question 7

What are the genome characteristics of bacteria?

Answer 7

Single chromosome, circular, haploid, lacks histones

Question 8

What is the composition of the cell wall in bacteria?

Answer 8

Peptidoglycan or none

Question 9

What is the composition of the cell wall in plants and some algae?

Answer 9

Cellulose

Question 10

What is chitin?

Answer 10

Rigid component of cell walls in molluscs, insects, crustaceans, and fungi

Question 11

What is silica?

Answer 11

Rigid component of cell walls in some algae

Question 12

What are the motility structures in cells?

Answer 12

Flagella and cilia

Question 13

What are the flexible flagella and cilia composed of?

Answer 13

Microtubules

Question 14

What are some possible shapes of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

spheroid, ovoid, cuboidal, cylindrical, flat, lenticular, fusiform, discoidal, crescent, ring stellate, and polygonal

Question 15

What factors can influence the shape of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 15

primary function, organization of cytoskeleton, viscosity of cytoplasm, rigidity of cell membrane or cell wall, physical pressure from surroundings/adjoining cells

Question 16

What is the function of flagella in some eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

Locomotion

Question 17

How is a eukaryotic flagellum different from a prokaryotic flagellum?

Answer 17

A eukaryotic flagellum is more flexible and composed of microtubules.

Question 18

What is the arrangement of microtubules in a eukaryotic flagellum?

Answer 18

9+2 array

Question 19

What are the similarities between a flagellum and a cilium?

Answer 19

Both are external structures found in eukaryotic cells

Question 20

What are cilia?

Answer 20

Shorter than flagella and often cover the entire surface of a cell

Question 21

What is the structure called that attaches cilia or flagella to the cell?

Answer 21

Basal body

Question 22

How are cilia and flagella structurally similar?

Answer 22

Both have a 9+2 array of microtubules

Question 23

How do cilia move?

Answer 23

They use a rapid, flexible, waving motion.

Question 24

What are some functions of cilia?

Answer 24

Sweeping particles past or into cells.

Question 25

Give an example of cilia usage in protozoans.

Answer 25

Moving food particles into their mouthparts.

Question 26

What is the structure of cilia made of?

Answer 26

A 9+2 array of microtubules.

Question 27

What do cilia aid in for protozoans like Paramecium?

Answer 27

Locomotion and feeding