BMB 2 - Exam Review Miscellaneous Flashcards
Which anti-seizure medication is associated with neuropsychiatric changes (most notably somnolecence) as a potential negative side effect?
Levetiractem
Which medication used in treating multiple sclerosis is responsible for sequestering lymphocytes within lymphatic tissues?
Fingolimod
Which medication used in treating multiple sclerosis is associated with an increased likelihood of developing an autoimmune reaction against the thyroid?
Alemtuzumab
What mechanism of action does teriflunomide have in treating multiple sclerosis?
Dihydropterate reductase antagonism
Which medication used to treat multiple sclerosis is associated with reactivation of VZV?
Fingolimod
‘Prolonged (or dropped) F waves’ in nerve conduction studies are a classic sign of what disorder?
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Name the mutated genes associated with each of the following channelopathies:
Myotonia congenita
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Potassium channelopathy
Paramyotonia congenita
- CLCN1*
- CACNA-1S*
- SCN4A*
- KCNJ18*
- SCN4A*
Which tumors are associated with psammomma bodies?
Papillary thyroid carcinomas
Papillary renal carcinomas
Papillary Serous ovarian carcinomas
Mengiomas
Mesotheliomas
A cystic tumor is identified in the posterior fossa of a patient presenting with cerebellar and bulbar symptoms.
What is the likely diagnosis?
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Describe the histology of pilocytic astrocytomas.
Rosenthal fibers (eosinophilic corkscrew fibers) + eospinophils.
Describe the histology of glioblastoma multiforme.
Pseudopallisading cells around areas of necrosis;
highly vascular
Describe the cellular architecture associated with ependyomas.
Perivascular pseudorosettes
Describe the cellular architecture associated with neuroblastomas.
Homer-Wright rosettes
Describe the cellular architecture associated with medulloblastomas.
Homer-Wright rosettes
What are the two most common causes of bacterial meningitis in newborns (< 3 mo.)?
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Escherischia coli
What are the two most common causes of bacterial meningitis in children ages 3 months to 9 years?
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in those ages 10 to 18 years?
Neisseria meningitidis
What is the empiric treatment for young patients with bacterial meningitis?
What is added for older patients at risk of Listeria infection?
Vancomycin and ceftriaxone;
ampicillin
____________s are the most common cause of meningitis.
Enteroviruses are the most common cause of meningitis.
A patient with AIDS presents with signs of meningitis as well as soap-bubble lesions in the basal ganglia that appear on imaging.
What do you suspect?
Cryptococcus neoformans infection
An HIV+ patient presents with a single ring-enhancing lesion apparent on imaging of her head.
What do you suspect?
CNS lymphoma
An HIV+ patient presents with headache, altered mental status, and multiple ring-enhancing lesions which are apparent on CT imaging of her head.
What do you suspect?
Toxoplasma gondii infection
Parkinson’s disease is especially associated with a loss of what aspect of postural stability?
Postural reflexes
CNS negri bodies are present in what infection?
Rabies
Are there any genes that have been identified as being associated with development of Parkinson’s disease?
Yes: PARK1
Are there any genes that have been identified as being associated with development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
Yes: SOD-1
What are the end results of mutation in the CASPR2 gene?
Myotonia;
hallucinations
True/False.
Auto-antibodies involving LGI-1 and NMDA-R are both involved in disease processes that mimic HSV encephalitis.
True.
NMDA-R — typically in a younger patient.
LGI-1 — typically in an older patient.
Name the antibody associated with neuroblastoma and subsequent opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.
Anti-Ri
Name the antibody associated with small cell lung carcinoma and subsequent paraneoplastic myelitis.
Anti-Hu
Name the antibody associated with gynecologic malignancies and subsequent paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
Anti-Yo
Frontotemporal dementia is associated with a build up of what?
Tau proteins
True/False.
Lewy body dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and other forms of Parkinsonian pathologies are typically all synucleinopathies.
True.
Nerve conduction studies are typically used to assess __________ nerve function.
Nerve conduction studies are typically used to assess sensory nerve function.
Seizure activity as recorded on an EEG occur due to recurrent what?
Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDS)
A patient presents with decreased sensation in all modalities on the right side of her body.
What artery do you suspect may be occluded?
The left PCA
(the posterior thalamus is infarcted)
Normal CSF glucose is typically what?
~65
(about 2/3 of serum glucose)
Normal CSF protein is typically what?
15 - 45
Name three of the more common pediatric CNS tumors.
Pilocytic astrocytoma
Ependyoma
Medulloblastoma
Does the weakness associated with polymyositis improve with use?
No
Does the weakness associated with Lambert-Eaton improve with use?
Yes
Polymyositis is a form of ____mysial inflammation associated with _______/_______ cancers in women and _______/_______ cancers in men.
Polymyositis is a form of endomysial inflammation associated with breast/ovarian cancers in women and lung/colon cancers in men.
Elevated levels of ____-____-____ protein in the CSF is a potential marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Elevated levels of 14** - **3** - **3 protein in the CSF is a potential marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
