BMB 2 - Exam Review Miscellaneous

Question 1

Which anti-seizure medication is associated with neuropsychiatric changes (most notably somnolecence) as a potential negative side effect?

Answer 1

Levetiractem

Question 2

Which medication used in treating multiple sclerosis is responsible for sequestering lymphocytes within lymphatic tissues?

Answer 2

Fingolimod

Question 3

Which medication used in treating multiple sclerosis is associated with an increased likelihood of developing an autoimmune reaction against the thyroid?

Answer 3

Alemtuzumab

Question 4

What mechanism of action does teriflunomide have in treating multiple sclerosis?

Answer 4

Dihydropterate reductase antagonism

Question 5

Which medication used to treat multiple sclerosis is associated with reactivation of VZV?

Answer 5

Fingolimod

Question 6

‘Prolonged (or dropped) F waves’ in nerve conduction studies are a classic sign of what disorder?

Answer 6

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 7

Name the mutated genes associated with each of the following channelopathies:

Myotonia congenita

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Potassium channelopathy

Paramyotonia congenita

Answer 7

• CLCN1*
• CACNA-1S*
• SCN4A*
• KCNJ18*
• SCN4A*

Question 8

Which tumors are associated with psammomma bodies?

Answer 8

Papillary thyroid carcinomas

Papillary renal carcinomas

Papillary Serous ovarian carcinomas

Mengiomas

Mesotheliomas

Question 9

A cystic tumor is identified in the posterior fossa of a patient presenting with cerebellar and bulbar symptoms.

What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 9

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 10

Describe the histology of pilocytic astrocytomas.

Answer 10

Rosenthal fibers (eosinophilic corkscrew fibers) + eospinophils.

Question 11

Describe the histology of glioblastoma multiforme.

Answer 11

Pseudopallisading cells around areas of necrosis;

highly vascular

Question 12

Describe the cellular architecture associated with ependyomas.

Answer 12

Perivascular pseudorosettes

Question 13

Describe the cellular architecture associated with neuroblastomas.

Answer 13

Homer-Wright rosettes

Question 14

Describe the cellular architecture associated with medulloblastomas.

Answer 14

Homer-Wright rosettes

Question 15

What are the two most common causes of bacterial meningitis in newborns (< 3 mo.)?

Answer 15

1. Streptococcus agalactiae
2. Escherischia coli

Question 16

What are the two most common causes of bacterial meningitis in children ages 3 months to 9 years?

Answer 16

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Neisseria meningitidis

Question 17

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in those ages 10 to 18 years?

Answer 17

Neisseria meningitidis

Question 18

What is the empiric treatment for young patients with bacterial meningitis?

What is added for older patients at risk of Listeria infection?

Answer 18

Vancomycin and ceftriaxone;

ampicillin

Question 19

____________s are the most common cause of meningitis.

Answer 19

Enteroviruses are the most common cause of meningitis.

Question 20

A patient with AIDS presents with signs of meningitis as well as soap-bubble lesions in the basal ganglia that appear on imaging.

What do you suspect?

Answer 20

Cryptococcus neoformans infection

Question 21

An HIV+ patient presents with a single ring-enhancing lesion apparent on imaging of her head.

What do you suspect?

Answer 21

CNS lymphoma

Question 22

An HIV+ patient presents with headache, altered mental status, and multiple ring-enhancing lesions which are apparent on CT imaging of her head.

What do you suspect?

Answer 22

Toxoplasma gondii infection

Question 23

Parkinson’s disease is especially associated with a loss of what aspect of postural stability?

Answer 23

Postural reflexes

Question 24

CNS negri bodies are present in what infection?

Answer 24

Rabies

Question 25

Are there any genes that have been identified as being associated with development of Parkinson's disease?

Answer 25

Yes: ***PARK1***

Question 26

Are there any genes that have been identified as being associated with development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Answer 26

Yes: ***SOD-1***

Question 27

What are the end results of mutation in the *CASPR2* gene?

Answer 27

Myotonia; hallucinations

Question 28

**True/False**. Auto-antibodies involving LGI-1 and NMDA-R are both involved in disease processes that mimic HSV encephalitis.

Answer 28

**True**. NMDA-R --- typically in a **younger** patient. LGI-1 --- typically in an **older** patient.

Question 29

Name the antibody associated with neuroblastoma and subsequent opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.

Answer 29

Anti-Ri

Question 30

Name the antibody associated with small cell lung carcinoma and subsequent paraneoplastic myelitis.

Answer 30

Anti-Hu

Question 31

Name the antibody associated with gynecologic malignancies and subsequent paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

Answer 31

Anti-Yo

Question 32

Frontotemporal dementia is associated with a build up of what?

Answer 32

Tau proteins

Question 33

**True/False**. Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease, and other forms of Parkinsonian pathologies are typically all synucleinopathies.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

Nerve conduction studies are typically used to assess __________ nerve function.

Answer 34

Nerve conduction studies are typically used to assess **_sensory_** nerve function.

Question 35

Seizure activity as recorded on an EEG occur due to recurrent what?

Answer 35

Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDS)

Question 36

A patient presents with decreased sensation in all modalities on the right side of her body. What artery do you suspect may be occluded?

Answer 36

The left PCA (the posterior thalamus is infarcted)

Question 37

Normal CSF glucose is typically what?

Answer 37

~65 | (about 2/3 of serum glucose)

Question 38

Normal CSF protein is typically what?

Answer 38

15 - 45

Question 39

Name three of the more common pediatric CNS tumors.

Answer 39

Pilocytic astrocytoma Ependyoma Medulloblastoma

Question 40

Does the weakness associated with polymyositis improve with use?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

Does the weakness associated with Lambert-Eaton improve with use?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Polymyositis is a form of \_\_\_\_mysial inflammation associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cancers in women and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cancers in men.

Answer 42

Polymyositis is a form of **_endo_**mysial inflammation associated with **_breast_**/**_ovarian_** cancers in women and **_lung_**/**_colon_** cancers in men.

Question 43

Elevated levels of \_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_-\_\_\_\_ protein in the CSF is a potential marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Answer 43

Elevated levels of **_14**_ - _**3**_ - _**3_** protein in the CSF is a potential marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.