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T2 - Phase 3 - Brain, Mind, and Behavior > BMB 2 - Exam Review Miscellaneous > Flashcards

BMB 2 - Exam Review Miscellaneous Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Which anti-seizure medication is associated with neuropsychiatric changes (most notably somnolecence) as a potential negative side effect?

A

Levetiractem

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2
Q

Which medication used in treating multiple sclerosis is responsible for sequestering lymphocytes within lymphatic tissues?

A

Fingolimod

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3
Q

Which medication used in treating multiple sclerosis is associated with an increased likelihood of developing an autoimmune reaction against the thyroid?

A

Alemtuzumab

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4
Q

What mechanism of action does teriflunomide have in treating multiple sclerosis?

A

Dihydropterate reductase antagonism

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5
Q

Which medication used to treat multiple sclerosis is associated with reactivation of VZV?

A

Fingolimod

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6
Q

‘Prolonged (or dropped) F waves’ in nerve conduction studies are a classic sign of what disorder?

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

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7
Q

Name the mutated genes associated with each of the following channelopathies:

Myotonia congenita

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Potassium channelopathy

Paramyotonia congenita

A

  • CLCN1*
  • CACNA-1S*
  • SCN4A*
  • KCNJ18*
  • SCN4A*
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8
Q

Which tumors are associated with psammomma bodies?

A

Papillary thyroid carcinomas

Papillary renal carcinomas

Papillary Serous ovarian carcinomas

Mengiomas

Mesotheliomas

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9
Q

A cystic tumor is identified in the posterior fossa of a patient presenting with cerebellar and bulbar symptoms.

What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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10
Q

Describe the histology of pilocytic astrocytomas.

A

Rosenthal fibers (eosinophilic corkscrew fibers) + eospinophils.

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11
Q

Describe the histology of glioblastoma multiforme.

A

Pseudopallisading cells around areas of necrosis;

highly vascular

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12
Q

Describe the cellular architecture associated with ependyomas.

A

Perivascular pseudorosettes

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13
Q

Describe the cellular architecture associated with neuroblastomas.

A

Homer-Wright rosettes

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14
Q

Describe the cellular architecture associated with medulloblastomas.

A

Homer-Wright rosettes

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15
Q

What are the two most common causes of bacterial meningitis in newborns (< 3 mo.)?

A
  1. Streptococcus agalactiae
  2. Escherischia coli
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16
Q

What are the two most common causes of bacterial meningitis in children ages 3 months to 9 years?

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  2. Neisseria meningitidis
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17
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in those ages 10 to 18 years?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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18
Q

What is the empiric treatment for young patients with bacterial meningitis?

What is added for older patients at risk of Listeria infection?

A

Vancomycin and ceftriaxone;

ampicillin

19
Q

____________s are the most common cause of meningitis.

A

Enteroviruses are the most common cause of meningitis.

20
Q

A patient with AIDS presents with signs of meningitis as well as soap-bubble lesions in the basal ganglia that appear on imaging.

What do you suspect?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans infection

21
Q

An HIV+ patient presents with a single ring-enhancing lesion apparent on imaging of her head.

What do you suspect?

A

CNS lymphoma

22
Q

An HIV+ patient presents with headache, altered mental status, and multiple ring-enhancing lesions which are apparent on CT imaging of her head.

What do you suspect?

A

Toxoplasma gondii infection

23
Q

Parkinson’s disease is especially associated with a loss of what aspect of postural stability?

A

Postural reflexes

24
Q

CNS negri bodies are present in what infection?

A

Rabies

25
Q

Are there any genes that have been identified as being associated with development of Parkinson’s disease?

A

Yes: PARK1

26
Q

Are there any genes that have been identified as being associated with development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

A

Yes: SOD-1

27
Q

What are the end results of mutation in the CASPR2 gene?

A

Myotonia;

hallucinations

28
Q

True/False.

Auto-antibodies involving LGI-1 and NMDA-R are both involved in disease processes that mimic HSV encephalitis.

A

True.

NMDA-R — typically in a younger patient.

LGI-1 — typically in an older patient.

29
Q

Name the antibody associated with neuroblastoma and subsequent opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.

A

Anti-Ri

30
Q

Name the antibody associated with small cell lung carcinoma and subsequent paraneoplastic myelitis.

A

Anti-Hu

31
Q

Name the antibody associated with gynecologic malignancies and subsequent paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

A

Anti-Yo

32
Q

Frontotemporal dementia is associated with a build up of what?

A

Tau proteins

33
Q

True/False.

Lewy body dementia, Parkinson’s disease, and other forms of Parkinsonian pathologies are typically all synucleinopathies.

A

True.

34
Q

Nerve conduction studies are typically used to assess __________ nerve function.

A

Nerve conduction studies are typically used to assess sensory nerve function.

35
Q

Seizure activity as recorded on an EEG occur due to recurrent what?

A

Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDS)

36
Q

A patient presents with decreased sensation in all modalities on the right side of her body.

What artery do you suspect may be occluded?

A

The left PCA

(the posterior thalamus is infarcted)

37
Q

Normal CSF glucose is typically what?

A

~65

(about 2/3 of serum glucose)

38
Q

Normal CSF protein is typically what?

A

15 - 45

39
Q

Name three of the more common pediatric CNS tumors.

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

Ependyoma

Medulloblastoma

40
Q

Does the weakness associated with polymyositis improve with use?

A

No

41
Q

Does the weakness associated with Lambert-Eaton improve with use?

A

Yes

42
Q

Polymyositis is a form of ____mysial inflammation associated with _______/_______ cancers in women and _______/_______ cancers in men.

A

Polymyositis is a form of endomysial inflammation associated with breast/ovarian cancers in women and lung/colon cancers in men.

43
Q

Elevated levels of ____-____-____ protein in the CSF is a potential marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

A

Elevated levels of 14** - **3** - **3 protein in the CSF is a potential marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

T2 - Phase 3 - Brain, Mind, and Behavior (43 decks)

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