BMB 1 - The Cerebellum Flashcards
Identify the six structures listed on the left side of the image.
Identify the three structures listed on the left side of the image.
Identify the three structures listed in the image.
From superficial to deep, name the three layers of the cerebellar gray matter.
Molecular
Purkinje
Granular
(‘My perfect granny’)
Input to the cerebellum comes from what cell type(s)?
Mossy and climbing
(‘climbing the mossy hill to the cerebellum’)
Output from the cerebellum travels through what cell type(s)?
Purkinje fibers
(‘percolating out from the cerebellum’)
Name the upward-projecting, excitatory neurons projecting axons to the cerebellar granule and Golgi cells.
Mossy fibers, climbing fibers
Name the downward-projecting, inhibitory axons projecting from the cerebellum.
Purkinje fibers
(Golgi cells, stellate cells, basket cells)
Climbing fibers extend from the ___________ nucleus to form an ______tory synapse with the deep cerebellar and Purkinje nuclei.
Climbing fibers extend from the inferior olivary nucleus to form an excitatory synapse with the deep cerebellar and Purkinje nuclei.
Mossy fibers extend from the ___________ pathways to form an ______tory synapse with the deep cerebellar nuclei, granule cells, and golgi cells.
Mossy fibers extend from the sensory pathways to form an excitatory synapse with the deep cerebellar nuclei, granule cells, and golgi cells.
Describe the global pathway of cerebral-cerebellar interactions:
All areas of the ___________ > ________ capsule
> corticopontine fibers > synapse on ________ nuclei
> pontocerebellar fibers cross midline to enter contralateral _________ cerebellar peduncle
> entire cerebellar cortex (except the ________)
Describe the global pathway of cerebral-cerebellar interactions:
All areas of the cerebral cortex > internal capsule
> corticopontine fibers > synapse on pontine nuclei
> pontocerebellar fibers cross midline to enter contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle
> entire cerebellar cortex (except the nodulus)
Describe the global pathway of spino-cerebellar interactions:
Spinal cord > ____________ fibers >
synapse in dorsal nucleus of ______/external ________ nucleus >
travel through _________ cerebellar peduncle (_____lateral projection)
Describe the global pathway of spino-cerebellar interactions:
Spinal cord > spinocerebellar fibers >
synapse in dorsal nucleus of clark/external cuneate nucleus >
travel through inferior cerebellar peduncle (ipsilateral projection)
Describe the global pathway of brainstem-cerebellar interactions:
____________ nuclear complex contains ascending fibers (olivocerebellar fibers) >
cross in medulla and enter _____lateral cerebellum through _________ cerebellar peduncle >
climbing fibers synapse in cerebellar cortex > projects to contralateral _________ nucleus > pred nucleus > inferior _______ via central tegmental tract
Describe the global pathway of brainstem-cerebellar interactions:
Inferior olivary nuclear complex contains ascending fibers (olivocerebellar fibers) >
cross in medulla and enter contralateral cerebellum through inferior cerebellar peduncle >
climbing fibers synapse in cerebellar cortex > projects to contralateral dentate nucleus > pred nucleus > inferior olive via central tegmental tract
What is the purpose of the global spino-cerebellar pathway?
Unconscious proprioception, touch, pressure
This pathway actually gives rapid feedback about ongoing movements, allowing for fine adjustments.
What is the purpose of the global brainstem-cerebellar pathway?
Fine-tuning balance, equilibrium, and vestibulo-ocular reflexes.
Name the global cerebellar pathway associated with each of the following:
(1) Balance, equilibrium
(2) General motor control
(3) Vestibulocochlear reflex
(4) Fine-tuning movement based on unconscious proprioception, touch, and pressure
(1) Brainstem-cerebellar
(2) Cerebral-cerebellar
(3) Brainstem-cerebellar
(4) Spino-cerebellar
Damage to a lateral cerebellar hemisphere will lead to what?
Ipsilateral motor planning deficits
(ipsilateral due to double decussation)
Damage to one of the intermediate cerebellar hemispheres will lead to what?
Ipsilateral, appendicular motor deficits
(ipsilateral due to double decussation)
Damage to the cerebellar vermis will lead to what?
Bilateral truncal/axial motor deficits
Damage to the cerebellar flocculonodular nodes will lead to what?
Vestibulo-cochlear deficits
A patient presents with deficits in motor planning in some of the musculature on the left side of her body.
Which portion of the cerebellum might be involved?
The left lateral hemisphere
A patient presents with deficits in appendicular motor function in some of the musculature on the right side of her body.
Which portion of the cerebellum might be involved?
The right intermediate hemisphere
A patient presents with truncal ataxia due to deficits in some of the musculature on the left side of her body.
Which portion of the cerebellum might be involved?
The right vermis
A patient presents with deficits in vestibular function.
Which portion of the cerebellum might be involved?
The flocculonodular lobes
What are the three major sets of bilateral cerebellar arteries?
Superior cerebellar arteries
Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
(SCAs, AICAs, PICAs)
Which portions of the cerebellum are supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries?
Inferior half of the cerebellum (including the vermis).
(along with the lateral medulla oblongata)
Which portions of the cerebellum are supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar arteries?
The middle cerebellar peduncle + a strip of the anterior cerebellum
(along with the inferior lateral pons)
Which portions of the cerebellum are supplied by the superior cerebellar arteries?
Most of the superior half of the cerebellum (including the deep nuclei and superior vermis) + the superior cerebellar peduncle
(along with the upper lateral pons)
Which cerebellar arteries have a large distribution and are most commonly occluded?
The superior cerebellar arteries
