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Block4 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What mutation is necessary for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathies?

A

Transthyreitin mutation

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2
Q

What is a peripheral Neuropathies accompanying inherited metabolic disorders?

A

ALD adrenoleukodystrophy

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3
Q

What is the most common Chacot Marie-Tooth gene mutation?

A

CMT1A

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4
Q

What is the gene mutation for the CMTX disease?

A

GJB1

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5
Q

What is the Autosomal dominant, CMT2A gene that is messed up for normal mitochondrial fusion?

A

MFN2

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6
Q

What is the mutation in the CMT3 gene that is seen severely disabled and develop CMT in infancy?

A

PMP22

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7
Q

What is the autosomal recessive disorder caused by the HMSN 4?

A

Refsum disease, phytanoyl-COA hydroxylase is missing, messes up the myelin sheath

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8
Q

What is the hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsy?

A

HNPP is a deletion of PMP22 gene

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9
Q

Methadone is what type of synthetic opioid agonist?

A

full u-opiod agonist

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10
Q

What does buprenorphine do?

A

Semi-synthetic opiod with partial agonist at u receptor

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11
Q

bupernorphine and naltrexone –> used for what?

A

opiate addictions

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12
Q

What three things does cocaine block?

A

dopamine, serotonin, and norepi transporters

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13
Q

What does modafinil do?

A

increase the release of monoamines, specifically the catecholamines, norepinephrine, and dopamine, treats cocaine dependence

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14
Q

What does nocain do?

A

partial agonist to cocaine with several pharmacological differences

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15
Q

what drug is an anticonvulsant reducing cocaine cravings, synthesized to act at GABA receptors, such as calcium channels?

A

Gabapentin

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16
Q

What drug is use as a GABA-T inhibiting anticonvulsant, used in cocaine dependence treatment?

A

gamma-vinyl GABA

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17
Q

What drug, used in cocaine dependence prevents the breakdown of dopamine?

A

disulfiram

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18
Q

What drug is used to normalize glutamatergic transmission, in cocaine dependence?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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19
Q

What drug is a less potent right handed stereoisomer of amphetamine used to “wean” addicts?

A

dextroamphetamine

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20
Q

What drug is used for cocaine dependence, stimulant like effects, increase NE and DA release, lower cravings?

A

Modafinil, also used in narcolepsy

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21
Q

What drug increases serotonin, norepi, dopamine, (careful here), and is used as a weak 5HT1-agonist and 5HT2 antagonist?

What does it block?

A

MDMA,

blocks vesicular monoamine transporter, cytoplasm increase, eventually falls back to reversing transporter

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22
Q

What is a positive GABA(A) modulator, can promote dependence?

A

Flunitrazepam: roofies, cause sedation, muscle relaxation

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23
Q

What drug works on GABA(B) receptors, contain extrasynaptic GABAaRs?

A

GHB agonist

24
Q

What two drugs block the NMDA receptor?

A

Ketamine, PCP

25
What is rage, erythema, dilated pupils delusions, amnesia, and nystagmus used to describe for a drug interaction?
PCP acting on NMDA receptors
26
What two prescription drugs work on GABA(A) receptors that can cause dependency?
Barbituates, benzodiazepines both cause sedation, drowsiness/dizziness
27
When trying to wean from barbiturates, what drug is given to stabilize and eventually wean off?
phenobarbital
28
What drug is used for overdose patients?
Thorazine or chlorpromazine
29
Opiod overdose, will have what hallmark sign except for demerol?
pinpoint pupils, treat with narcan
30
Cocaine overdose, treat with what to calm down patient?
Benzos
31
What type of drug is ritalin?
Methylphenidate
32
What are other names for amphetamine?
Addreall, Biphetaine, and dexedrine
33
What drug is a racemic mixture of dextro- and levoamphetamine?
adderall
34
What type of overdose mainly results in hyperthermia, severe dehydration, hyponatremia, and rhabdomyolysis?
MDMA overdose or ecstasy
35
What drug is used to prevent rhabdomyolysis during MDMA overdose?
Dantrolene
36
Declarative memory benefits from what?
Slow Wave Slepp
37
Procedural memory benefits from what?
REM sleep
38
What is the relay center between the hippocampus and neocortex?
medial entorhinal cortex
39
_________ pathway enters, perforant pathway, granule cells, CA3, Schaffer collaterals, CA1, fimbria/fornix or back to ______
entorhinal cortex --> perforant pathway Entorhinal cortex
40
hippocampal output: precommissural is what?
Septal to PFC and back to hypothalmus
41
hippocampal output: postcommissural is what?
neocortical areas
42
What is the difference between Wernicke's and Korsakoff's Syndrome?
Korsakoff's has cerebral atrophy, Both have medial thalamus and mammillary bodies
43
What are areas associated with wernicke's encephalopathy?
Medial Thalamus, PAG, brainstem nuclei, vermis of cerebellum
44
mPFC has ventral portions that talk to the infralimbic and prelimbic that are major storehouses for working what?
memory
45
Lesions of the amygdala and hippocampus can cause what kinds of problems?
memory consolidation
46
Extinction is a new memory not what?
forgetting
47
What drug is an NMDA receptor partial agonist that is extinction training?
D-Cycloserine
48
What law is that recent memories are more likely to be lost than new ones?
Ribot's Law
49
Fornix plus the diagnol band of Broca or Anterior nucleus plus dorsomedial nucleus can cause what?
Anterograde Amnesia
50
This route Cortex-Basal ganglia-Thalamus-Cortex loop is useful for what type of memory?
Procedural memory, motor skill part
51
The person who is ___________ is obsessed with controlling the user's behavior and does not allow them to feel the negative consequences
codependent
52
_____________ is any action taken by a concerned person that stops or softens the effects of the harmful consequences of the substance
enable
53
Entorhinal Cortex connects to hippocampus for what pathway? Amygdala connects to prefrontal cortex?
Memory pathway Emotive pathway
54
What lateral olfactory pathway is responsible for odorant identification?
piriform cortex
55
The medial olfactory striate terminates bilaterally where?
anterior olfactory nucleus

S&D1 (17 decks)

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