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S&D1 > Block4 Nervous System > Flashcards

Block4 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What mutation is necessary for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathies?

A

Transthyreitin mutation

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2
Q

What is a peripheral Neuropathies accompanying inherited metabolic disorders?

A

ALD adrenoleukodystrophy

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3
Q

What is the most common Chacot Marie-Tooth gene mutation?

A

CMT1A

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4
Q

What is the gene mutation for the CMTX disease?

A

GJB1

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5
Q

What is the Autosomal dominant, CMT2A gene that is messed up for normal mitochondrial fusion?

A

MFN2

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6
Q

What is the mutation in the CMT3 gene that is seen severely disabled and develop CMT in infancy?

A

PMP22

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7
Q

What is the autosomal recessive disorder caused by the HMSN 4?

A

Refsum disease, phytanoyl-COA hydroxylase is missing, messes up the myelin sheath

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8
Q

What is the hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsy?

A

HNPP is a deletion of PMP22 gene

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9
Q

Methadone is what type of synthetic opioid agonist?

A

full u-opiod agonist

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10
Q

What does buprenorphine do?

A

Semi-synthetic opiod with partial agonist at u receptor

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11
Q

bupernorphine and naltrexone –> used for what?

A

opiate addictions

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12
Q

What three things does cocaine block?

A

dopamine, serotonin, and norepi transporters

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13
Q

What does modafinil do?

A

increase the release of monoamines, specifically the catecholamines, norepinephrine, and dopamine, treats cocaine dependence

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14
Q

What does nocain do?

A

partial agonist to cocaine with several pharmacological differences

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15
Q

what drug is an anticonvulsant reducing cocaine cravings, synthesized to act at GABA receptors, such as calcium channels?

A

Gabapentin

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16
Q

What drug is use as a GABA-T inhibiting anticonvulsant, used in cocaine dependence treatment?

A

gamma-vinyl GABA

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17
Q

What drug, used in cocaine dependence prevents the breakdown of dopamine?

A

disulfiram

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18
Q

What drug is used to normalize glutamatergic transmission, in cocaine dependence?

A

N-acetylcysteine

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19
Q

What drug is a less potent right handed stereoisomer of amphetamine used to “wean” addicts?

A

dextroamphetamine

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20
Q

What drug is used for cocaine dependence, stimulant like effects, increase NE and DA release, lower cravings?

A

Modafinil, also used in narcolepsy

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21
Q

What drug increases serotonin, norepi, dopamine, (careful here), and is used as a weak 5HT1-agonist and 5HT2 antagonist?

What does it block?

A

MDMA,

blocks vesicular monoamine transporter, cytoplasm increase, eventually falls back to reversing transporter

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22
Q

What is a positive GABA(A) modulator, can promote dependence?

A

Flunitrazepam: roofies, cause sedation, muscle relaxation

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23
Q

What drug works on GABA(B) receptors, contain extrasynaptic GABAaRs?

A

GHB agonist

24
Q

What two drugs block the NMDA receptor?

A

Ketamine, PCP

25
Q

What is rage, erythema, dilated pupils delusions, amnesia, and nystagmus used to describe for a drug interaction?

A

PCP acting on NMDA receptors

26
Q

What two prescription drugs work on GABA(A) receptors that can cause dependency?

A

Barbituates, benzodiazepines both cause sedation, drowsiness/dizziness

27
Q

When trying to wean from barbiturates, what drug is given to stabilize and eventually wean off?

A

phenobarbital

28
Q

What drug is used for overdose patients?

A

Thorazine or chlorpromazine

29
Q

Opiod overdose, will have what hallmark sign except for demerol?

A

pinpoint pupils, treat with narcan

30
Q

Cocaine overdose, treat with what to calm down patient?

A

Benzos

31
Q

What type of drug is ritalin?

A

Methylphenidate

32
Q

What are other names for amphetamine?

A

Addreall, Biphetaine, and dexedrine

33
Q

What drug is a racemic mixture of dextro- and levoamphetamine?

A

adderall

34
Q

What type of overdose mainly results in hyperthermia, severe dehydration, hyponatremia, and rhabdomyolysis?

A

MDMA overdose or ecstasy

35
Q

What drug is used to prevent rhabdomyolysis during MDMA overdose?

A

Dantrolene

36
Q

Declarative memory benefits from what?

A

Slow Wave Slepp

37
Q

Procedural memory benefits from what?

A

REM sleep

38
Q

What is the relay center between the hippocampus and neocortex?

A

medial entorhinal cortex

39
Q

_________ pathway enters, perforant pathway, granule cells, CA3, Schaffer collaterals, CA1, fimbria/fornix or back to ______

A

entorhinal cortex –> perforant pathway

Entorhinal cortex

40
Q

hippocampal output: precommissural is what?

A

Septal to PFC and back to hypothalmus

41
Q

hippocampal output: postcommissural is what?

A

neocortical areas

42
Q

What is the difference between Wernicke’s and Korsakoff’s Syndrome?

A

Korsakoff’s has cerebral atrophy, Both have medial thalamus and mammillary bodies

43
Q

What are areas associated with wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Medial Thalamus, PAG, brainstem nuclei, vermis of cerebellum

44
Q

mPFC has ventral portions that talk to the infralimbic and prelimbic that are major storehouses for working what?

A

memory

45
Q

Lesions of the amygdala and hippocampus can cause what kinds of problems?

A

memory consolidation

46
Q

Extinction is a new memory not what?

A

forgetting

47
Q

What drug is an NMDA receptor partial agonist that is extinction training?

A

D-Cycloserine

48
Q

What law is that recent memories are more likely to be lost than new ones?

A

Ribot’s Law

49
Q

Fornix plus the diagnol band of Broca or

Anterior nucleus plus dorsomedial nucleus can cause what?

A

Anterograde Amnesia

50
Q

This route Cortex-Basal ganglia-Thalamus-Cortex loop is useful for what type of memory?

A

Procedural memory, motor skill part

51
Q

The person who is ___________ is obsessed with controlling the user’s behavior and does not allow them to feel the negative consequences

A

codependent

52
Q

_____________ is any action taken by a concerned person that stops or softens the effects of the harmful consequences of the substance

A

enable

53
Q

Entorhinal Cortex connects to hippocampus for what pathway?

Amygdala connects to prefrontal cortex?

A

Memory pathway

Emotive pathway

54
Q

What lateral olfactory pathway is responsible for odorant identification?

A

piriform cortex

55
Q

The medial olfactory striate terminates bilaterally where?

A

anterior olfactory nucleus

S&D1 (17 decks)

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