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S&D1 > Anti-viral drugs > Flashcards

Anti-viral drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir is used against what viral pathogens?

A

HSV-1 and HSV-2

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2
Q

Ganciclovir and Foscarnet for what viral disease?

A

CMV

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3
Q

What drug gets monophosphorylated by a viral thymidine-kinase (TK), then converted to nucleotide analogs (triphosphorylated form) by host cell kinases?

A

Acyclovir

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4
Q

Acyclovir-triphosphate is both a substrate for and inhibitor of viral _______-polymerase

A

DNA

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5
Q

When incorporated into the DNA molecule, acts as a chain terminator except what drug?

A

Famciclovir

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6
Q

What two problems is Acyclovir the drug of choice?

A

Ophthalmic preparation is used to treat herpes simplex dendritic keratitis Topical application for mucocutaneous herpetic infections in immunocompromised patients

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7
Q

What drug reduces symptoms if used early in chickenpox Decrease acute neuritis in shingles but has no effect on post herpetic neuralgia (PHN)?

A

Acyclovir

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8
Q

What are the ADR for Acyclovir?

A

GI problems, Nephrotoxicity, Neurotoxicity, not hematotoxic

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9
Q

What drug causes chain termination like acyclovir?

A

Ganciclovir

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10
Q

What does Ganciclovir cause that Acyclovir does not, and why is that?

A

Hematotoxicity, Ganciclovir can be phosphorylated by a number of different kinases

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11
Q

Foscarnet is not a what?

A

Antimetabolite and nucleoside analog

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Foscarnet? What is Foscarnet used for via if resistance is an issue?

A

Inhibits viral DNA and RNA polymerase Acyclovir-resistant strains of HSV

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13
Q

What are the adverse drug reactions of Foscarnet? How must the drug be given and where can the drug reach?

A

Pentamidine

Nephrotoxicity, hypocalemia, and arrhythmias CNS and given IV

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14
Q

A HIV patient develops CMV retinitis. Which drug would you give?

A

Ganciclovir

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15
Q

If a patient develops Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), which drug would u give?

A

Cotrimoxazole

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16
Q

Cotrimoxazole + Ganciclovir can cause what problem? What is the alternative drug?

A

Bone Marrow Foscarnet

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17
Q

If you cannot give cotrimoxazole due to bone marrow suppression, then to treat PCP you have to give what? (answer is not an anti-viral drug)

A

Pentamidine

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18
Q

Pentamidine and Foscarnet cannot be given together due to what?

A

Heavy nephrotoxicity

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19
Q

Besides acyclovir, what drug is converted by cellular enzymes to its triphosphate analog, which inhibits viral DNA synthesis? not a -cyclovir drug

A

Trifluridine

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20
Q

What three viruses can Trifluridine impact? Besides acyclovir resistant what else does Trifluridine treat?

A

HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV Ocular HSV infections

21
Q

How does Cidofovir inhibit DNA polymerase?

A

No Phosphorylation converted by cellular analogs, DNA and RNA polymerase inhibition

22
Q

What drug is given with Cidofovir and fluids in order to prevent what?

A

Nephrotoxicity probenecid: increases uric acid secretion

23
Q

Gancyclovir is very important against what versions of Herpes?

24
Q

What does Foscarnet do? What is an ADR? Who/what people are these drugs worked on?

A

Directly inhibits viral DNA and RNA polymerase Nephrotoxic, hypocalemia, and arrhythmia Acyclovir Resistant

25
Q

What is trifluridine’s mechanism of action?

A

convert trifluridine to a tri-phosphate analog, prevent nucleotide chain elongation

26
Q

What does Zanamivir inhibit? (Antiviral) How is it given?

A

Neuraminidase Intranasal and inhalation

27
Q

Ribavirin inhibits what in viral replication? (IMP, biochemistry) The tri-phosphate form stops what?

A

Purine Replication, stops IMP Viral RNA Polymerase and end capping

28
Q

Ribavirin can be paired with alpha interferons to treat what disease? What are two complications?

A

Hep. C

Teratogenic, Upper airway irritation

29
Q

What is a novel drug against RSV?

What type of newborn infants can receive treatment from this drug because of the overarching complications?

A

Palivizumab Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

30
Q

What are the most common side effects of interferon therapy? Name three

A

Flu like symptoms, Granulocytopenia, and Thrombocytopenia

31
Q

Lamivudine is used against what two viruses?

What is it an analog for?

A

Hepatitis B and HIV

Cytosine

32
Q

What drug is used when the body becomes resistant to Lambivudine?

33
Q

What drug is used against HBV, can be used for a nucleoside analog (adenosine)?

34
Q

What do Entecavir and Emtricitabine treat, viral infection?

A

Hepatitis B

35
Q

Except for lamivudine and _______, all the NRTIs have been associated with a potentially fatal liver toxicity characterized by lactic acidosis and___________

A

abacavir

hepatomegaly

36
Q

Cimetidine, indomethacin, probenecid increase ___________toxicity. (Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)

Serious myelosuppression (neutropenia): if given along with Ganciclovir, _________

Zidovudine and ______ should not be combined because they have an antagonistic effect

A

AZT

Cortrimoxazole

Stavudine

37
Q

AZT and Acetaminophen given together can cause what?

A

Hepatotoxicity

38
Q

Didanosine is known for what type of toxicity?

Didanosine increases the risk for pancreatitis, neuropathy, and lactic acidosis when combined with what drug?

Tenofovir and Didanosine should not be combined for what reason?

A

Pancreatic toxicity

Stavudine

Pancreatitis and lactic acidosis

39
Q

When is Abacavir used?

Is what type of nucleoside analog?

A
  • used when other treatments fail or not tolerated.
  • Occasional fatal hypersensitivity reactions
  • Skin rashes and respiratory distress are common

Guanosine analog

40
Q

Tenofovir is what type of an analog?

Typically used in HIV treatment, can be used in what other types of treatment?

What are the most common side effects?

A

Adenosine

Chronic Hep B

GI, Renal Dysfunction

41
Q

________________is a fluorinated analog of lamivudine with a long half-life that allows for once-daily dosing.

A

Emtricitabine

42
Q

What type of HIV drug is metabolized very quickly via the p450 system?

43
Q

Also effective in reducing vertical transmission of HIV from mother to fetus when used as monotherapy, what HIV drug?

What are two big drug reactions?

A

Nevirapine

Severe Hepatoxicity and Steven Johnson Syndrome

44
Q

What is the inducer of p450, NNRTI, 1/2 life of 40 hours?

CNS effects and teratogenic

45
Q

What type of HIV drug allows drug clearence of the immature viron?

What type of enzyme system does this drug class inhibit?

A

Protease inhibitor

CYP450

46
Q

The protease inhibitor have what typical ending?

A

-navir

Atazanavir

47
Q

What type of system does Ritonavir inhibit?

Idinavir can cause what if there is not proper hydration?

A

Protease inhibitor

(CYP 450)

Nephrolithiasis

48
Q

Raltegravir is an inhibitor of what enzyme that is necessary for HIV proliferation?

49
Q

Enfuvirtide binds to what to prohibit HIV replication?

S&D1 (17 decks)

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