Antiprotozoal drugs-block1

Question 1

Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine are the drugs of choice against what disease?

Answer 1

Malaria

Question 2

Diloxanide furoate, Iodoquinol, Paromomycin

are what kind of drugs?

Answer 2

Luminal Amebicidal Drugs, they act on the parasite in the lumen of the bowel (small and large intestine)

Question 3

SYSTEMIC AMEBICIDAL DRUGS : effective against amebas in the intestinal wall and liver. Name two and where they work

Answer 3

Chloroquine- liver only

Emetine and dehydroemetine (liver and intestine) – cardiotoxic

Question 4

Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Secnidazole, Ornidazole are what type of drugs?

Answer 4

MIXED : LUMINAL+ SYSTEMIC AMEBICIDAL DRUGS

effective against both luminal and systemic forms

Question 5

Where does metronidazole travel in the body?

Answer 5

Throughout the body, including liver, CNS

Question 6

Name what three infections Metronidazole work on?

Answer 6

Giardiasis, Pseudomembranous colitis, and anaerobic infections

Question 7

Metronidazole has what adverse effects?

Answer 7

Disulfiram like reactions, when taken with alcohol, teratogenicity, and neurotoxicity

Question 8

What is the difference between Tinidazole and metronidazole?

Answer 8

Tinidazole has a shorter course of treatment, covers the same shenanigans as Metronidazole

Question 9

What does Diloxanide furoate treat? What type of drug is it?

What as an ADR?

Answer 9

intestinal (luminal) amebiasis, asymptomatic cysts passers

Flatulence, pruritus, no to pregnant women and children

Question 10

What type of drug is Iodoquinol? What does it treat?

What will prolonged use cause?

Answer 10

Luminal amebicide

luminal trophozoites and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica

goiter and iodism

Question 11

What type of drug is Paromomycin?
What is it active against?
Doesnt have an effect on what?

Answer 11

aminoglycoside, not absorbed in the GIT
Tape worms, cryptospirdiosis

no good against extraintestinal amebic infections

Question 12

What drug is better Paromycin or Diloxanide furoate?

Answer 12

Paromycin, better at clearing infections

Question 13

What drug is used in the treatment of giardiasis & cryptosporidiosis (most effective)? Blocks the electron chain through PFOR

Answer 13

Nitazoxanide

Question 14

Chloroquine
Emetine
Dehydroemetine
are useful for what?

Answer 14

Useful for treating amebic liver abscesses or intestinal wall infections caused by amebas

Question 15

What drug is used in combination with Metronidazole and Diloxanoide furoate/ Iodoquinol to treat and prevent amebic liver abscess?

Answer 15

Chloroquine

Question 16

Emetine and Dehydroemetine inhibit what?
What type of drugs are they?
What toxic effects are there?

Answer 16

inhibit protein synthesis by blocking chain elongation
Systemic Ambecides
Generic toxicity, cardiotoxicity, CHF

Question 17

What does Iodoquinol, Paromomycin, or Diloxanide furoate treat?

Answer 17

Asymptomatic cysts carriers

Question 18

What does metronidazole + Iodoquinol/Paromomycin + Diloxanide treat?

Answer 18

Diarrhea/Dysentery Extraintestinal

Question 19

What does metronidazole + Chloroquine/emetine + Luminal amebicide treat with patients?

Answer 19

Amebic liver abscess

Question 20

What disease is caused by Giardia lamblia? What is another name for it?
What is the DOC?

Answer 20

Giardiasis
Bacpacker’s Diarrhea
Metronidazole/Tinidazole

Question 21

What is the DOC for Giardiasis in Children? Pregnant patients?

Answer 21

Children: Nitazoxanide/Furazolidone

Pregnant Patients: paromomycin

Question 22

What is the DOC for Toxoplasmosis?

Answer 22

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine(or clindamycin)

Question 23

Toxoplasmosis induces what kind of vitamin deficiency? Can be bad with what kind of patients?

Answer 23

Folate, folinic acid can be given to prevent problems

AIDS patients

Question 24

Cryptosporidium parvum causes chronic _______ in AIDS patients. ________ and _________ can be given.

Answer 24

diarrhea

Nitazoxanide
Paromomycin

Question 25

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (slow to enter_____) Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (early invasion of the ) What type of disease is this?

Answer 25

CNS CNS African Sleeping Sickness

Question 26

American sleeping sickness (_____________) Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Common in ______ Causes cardiomyopathy and heart failure Treated with ________________ and _________

Answer 26

Chagas disease Infants Nifurtimox (only disease this drug treats), Benznidazole

Question 27

What is mechanism of action for Nifurtimox? What are the big adverse reactions? What drug is very similar to Nifurtimox?

Answer 27

Generate highly reactive oxygen radicals which are toxic to the organism paresthesia, polyneuritis, and seizures Benznidazole

Question 28

What does Suramin do? What are the ADR?

Answer 28

inhibits many enzymes involved in energy metabolism for African trypanosomiasis Hematuria, Cylindruria

Question 29

What drug reacts with sulfahydryl groups of various substances including enzymes in the organism, leading to toxic effect on the organism? What disease does this treat? What are the ADR?

Answer 29

Melarsoprol Trypanosoma CNS toxicity, Hypersensitivity reactions, and GIT disturbances

Question 30

What drug is active against Trypanosoma brucei gambiense? What is the MOA? Can have what kind of toxicity? Does not go where?

Answer 30

Pentamidine Interferes with the synthesis of RNA, DNA, phospholipids, and protein by the parasite Nephrotoxicity, CSF

Question 31

Leishmaniasis is treated with what drug? What is an alternative drug?

Answer 31

Sodium stibogluconate | Pentamidine and amphotericin B

Question 32

What is the MOA of Sodium Stibogluconate? | What are the ADR?

Answer 32

MOA: Inhibits glycolysis in the parasite… Cardiac Arrhythmia and Renal/Hepatic toxicity

Question 33

What is the main drug to treat Malaria?

Answer 33

Chloroquine

Question 34

What drugs are used for chloroquine resistant regions? | What are the ADR for this drug?

Answer 34

mefloquine and Artemisinin Mefloquine: Seizures

Question 35

________ is used to eliminate liver hypnozoites after for terminal prophylaxis and (radical) cure from malaria What are the ADR?

Answer 35

Primaquine Allergic RXN, GI otherwise