Block1 Flashcards
The ultimate target of homeostasis is the _____________ environmnet
intracellular
Gain = correction / __________
error
1/3SBP + 2/3DBP =
Mean Arterial Pressure
Anticipatory control regulates __________ before or after changes in environmental temperature have been successful in changing the body’s core temperatue
Temperature
Before, causes a large gain in the human body
Increased __________ cause the contraction of the uterus -> childbirth
oxytocin
Heart attacks and hemorrhagic stroke eventually cause death through what mechanism?
positive feedback
What are the characteristics of easy membrane movement?
small non-polar or
small, uncharged polar molecules
What are the characteristics of no membrane movement?
large, charged polar, glucose, and ions
Facilitated diffusion is passive movement via a carrier protein which does or doesnt require energy?
doesnt require
What type of exocytosis is regulated and not regulated?
Constiutive secretory pathway is unregulated
Regulated Secretory pathway has controls
Nonpolar is hydrophobic or hydrophillic
and lipid soluble or insoluble
Hydrophobic and lipid soluble
Simport transports how
Antiport transports how
Simport transferred in the same direction
Antiport are transported in opposite direction
Fick’s Law of diffusion is ______
DA(deltaC)/(deltaX)
D is diffusion coefficient, X is the distance that must be traveled, C is the concentration of the substance
A is the area
What is the driving force of the Fick’s law of diffusion?
concentration gradient
Diffusion gradient, Surface area, and temperature make diffusion faster or slower?
Faster
A small molecule, high solubility, and a gas medium will not have a quick diffusion rate (T/F)
False, will have a quick diffusion rate
What is the ratio of Na and K moved out and inside the cell respectively?
3 Na out, 2 K inside
What two medications inhibit the Na/K ATPase pump?
Cardiac glycosides (Ouabain and digitalis)
The primary active transport pump is used to pump calcium where and why?
ICF to ECF, maintain a low ICF, easier to maintain gradient for muscle contraction
What medication is used to block proton pumps for Acid reflux and ulcers?
Omeprazole
Secondary active transport can move two molecules in one direction and opposite directions. Give an example
Na+ and Glucose -> same
Na+ and Calcium -> opposite directions
How does Hydrogen move across the membrane in the parietal cells?
Antiport with K, Hydrogen moves into the lumen of gut to form HCl
What is the mechanism of Digitalis? This medication is used in heart failure medication
The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is inhibited, Na+ is stuck in the cell
Calcium remains stuck in the cell, therefore -> increased muscle contraction
When the Na+ and glucose is inhibited, what can happen?
diarrhea, water is not properly reabsorbed
