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S&D1 > Block1 > Flashcards

Block1 Flashcards

1
Q

The ultimate target of homeostasis is the _____________ environmnet

A

intracellular

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2
Q

Gain = correction / __________

A

error

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3
Q

1/3SBP + 2/3DBP =

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

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4
Q

Anticipatory control regulates __________ before or after changes in environmental temperature have been successful in changing the body’s core temperatue

A

Temperature

Before, causes a large gain in the human body

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5
Q

Increased __________ cause the contraction of the uterus -> childbirth

A

oxytocin

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6
Q

Heart attacks and hemorrhagic stroke eventually cause death through what mechanism?

A

positive feedback

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of easy membrane movement?

A

small non-polar or

small, uncharged polar molecules

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of no membrane movement?

A

large, charged polar, glucose, and ions

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9
Q

Facilitated diffusion is passive movement via a carrier protein which does or doesnt require energy?

A

doesnt require

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10
Q

What type of exocytosis is regulated and not regulated?

A

Constiutive secretory pathway is unregulated

Regulated Secretory pathway has controls

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11
Q

Nonpolar is hydrophobic or hydrophillic

and lipid soluble or insoluble

A

Hydrophobic and lipid soluble

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12
Q

Simport transports how

Antiport transports how

A

Simport transferred in the same direction

Antiport are transported in opposite direction

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13
Q

Fick’s Law of diffusion is ______

A

DA(deltaC)/(deltaX)
D is diffusion coefficient, X is the distance that must be traveled, C is the concentration of the substance
A is the area

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14
Q

What is the driving force of the Fick’s law of diffusion?

A

concentration gradient

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15
Q

Diffusion gradient, Surface area, and temperature make diffusion faster or slower?

A

Faster

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16
Q

A small molecule, high solubility, and a gas medium will not have a quick diffusion rate (T/F)

A

False, will have a quick diffusion rate

17
Q

What is the ratio of Na and K moved out and inside the cell respectively?

A

3 Na out, 2 K inside

18
Q

What two medications inhibit the Na/K ATPase pump?

A

Cardiac glycosides (Ouabain and digitalis)

19
Q

The primary active transport pump is used to pump calcium where and why?

A

ICF to ECF, maintain a low ICF, easier to maintain gradient for muscle contraction

20
Q

What medication is used to block proton pumps for Acid reflux and ulcers?

A

Omeprazole

21
Q

Secondary active transport can move two molecules in one direction and opposite directions. Give an example

A

Na+ and Glucose -> same

Na+ and Calcium -> opposite directions

22
Q

How does Hydrogen move across the membrane in the parietal cells?

A

Antiport with K, Hydrogen moves into the lumen of gut to form HCl

23
Q

What is the mechanism of Digitalis? This medication is used in heart failure medication

A

The Na+/K+ ATPase pump is inhibited, Na+ is stuck in the cell
Calcium remains stuck in the cell, therefore -> increased muscle contraction

24
Q

When the Na+ and glucose is inhibited, what can happen?

A

diarrhea, water is not properly reabsorbed

25
Q

Glut5 moves what into the epithelium?

A

Fructose

26
Q

SGLT1 moves what into the epithelium?

A

Galactose and Glucose

27
Q

Glut 2 moves glucose from __________ to ________?

A

Epithelium to interstitial space

28
Q

Glut2 moves Fructose from ________ to _________?

A

Epithelium to interstitial space

29
Q

Diffusion coefficient / the change in distance is equal to what?

A

Permeability coefficient

30
Q

If the volume of the cell decreases, what happens to the osmolarity

A

osmolarity increases

31
Q

Osmotic Pressure is or is not related to the number of particles dissolved in the unit volume of the solution

A

Is related

32
Q

Osmotic pressure is or is not related to the size, molecular weight of particles or chemical constitution of a solution

A

Is not related

33
Q

19.3 mmHg equals what ______

A

1 mOsm/L

34
Q

The increasing sigma means that something is completely impermeable or permeable to a substance?

A

impermeable

S&D1 (17 decks)

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