Block2 intro to path Flashcards
cause of disease
etiology
mechanism of disease is what?
pathogenesis
structural alteration induced in cells and tissues by the disease
morphologic change
functional consequences of the morphologic changes
clinical significance
Without or lack of formation
aplasia
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissue
abscess
a malignant tumor of epithelial cells arranged in glandular patterns
adenocarcinoma
a benign epithelial tumor in which the cells form glandular structures or are derived from glandular epithelium
adenoma
What is ante mortem?
What is post morten?
before death
after death
defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue?
aplasia
what is closed, absence of a normal opening or normally patent lumen?
atresia
what is self-dissolution; the post-mortem enzymatic degradation of cells?
autolysis
a group of neoplastic disease in which there is a transformation of normal cells into malignant cells. The cells proliferate in an abnormal way resulting in a malignant, cellular tumor
cancer
Having consistency like that of cottage cheese?
Caseous
an abnormal sac filled with gas, filled with gas, fluid, or semi-solid material that is lined by a membrane?
cyst
The causative agent in a lesion is what?
Etiology
An abnormal, tube-like passage from a hollow organ to the surface, or from one organ to another?
Fistula
What is a localized collection of extravasated blood, usually clotted?
Hematoma
What is the presence of an increased amount of blood in a part or an organ?
hyperemia
What is occurring without known cause?
Idiopathic
What is a localized area of ischemic necrosis produced by the occlusion of the blood vessels- either arterial supply or venous drainage?
Infarct
What is a local deficiency of blood due in part to functional constriction or actual mechanical obstruction of a blood vessel?
Ischemia
What is stones formation in tissue or organ?
Lithiasis
Colicky is a thing here
What is the interpretation of the abnormalities in terms of severity, time, lesion, and anatomic site. For example: severe, chronic, glomerulonephritis
morphologic diagnosis
What is the morphologic changes indicative of cell death indicted by characteristic nuclear and cytoplasmic change?
necrosis
What is the examination of a body after death?
Necropsy
What is upper urinary tract stones that involve the renal pelvis and extend into at lest 2 calyces are classified as staghorn calculi?
Nephrolithiasis
What is a gross, pale, wedge shape, copulative necrosis?
Renal Infarct
What is a small projection containing fibrovascular core of connective tissue?
Papillary
What is a small circumscribed, solid, elevated lesion of the skin?
Papules
What is the sequence of events that leads to a disease or morbid process. It may be, for example, hormonal, chemical infections, genetic or traumatic in nature?
Pathogenesis
Neoplasia can be malignant or ______
Cancer is ______
benign
malignant
What is inflammation of the vein?
phlebitis
What is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue organ, usually as a physiologic response to a stimulus?
Hyperplasia
This spheroidal mass protrudes upwards or outward from a normal surface. _______ may be hyperplastic, inflammatory, or neoplastic?
Polyp
What is a protein-rich liquid inflammation product comprised leukocytes (neutrophils), a thin fluid and cellular debris?
Pus
What is a prediction of the outcome of the pathological process or disease?
Prognosis
an infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into an area of chronic inflammation characterized by mononuclear cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and even plasma cells
Pyogranuloma
What is having a saw like edge?
Serrated
What is attached by a broad base?
Sessile
What is pus containing oftens follows a bacterial infection and liquefactive necrosis?
Suppurative
What is a clot of material that breaks free from primary site, is transported in the bloodstream and become lodged and adhered at a secondary site?
Thromboembolus
What is having a local defect or excavation of the epithelium of an organ or tissue through the basement membrane?
Ulcerated
What is a benign, focal malformation that resemble neoplasm in the tissue of its origin?
Harmartoma
What is noncancerous growths that form due to abnormal collection of blood vessels?
Hemangiomas
What is a mass of histologically normal tissue present at an abnormal location?
Choristoma
What is a type of germ cell tumor made up of a heterogeneous mixture of tissues from one or more of the germ cell layers?
Teratoma
Pyknosis is what?
condensation of chromatin
Karyorrhexis is what?
fragmentation of nuclear material
Karyolysis is what?
lysis of chromatin due to the action nucleases
Creatine Phosphokinase-MB isozyme (CPK-MB); Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH); Troponin I and T, Myoglobin
are seen in what?
heart attacks
What does ALT and AST that are elevated?
Hepatitis
What does Pancreatitis have an elevated level of?
Amylase and lipase
Biliary tract obstruction has what elevation?
Alkaline Phosphatase
What can mediate a direct attack on a target cell and initiate a self destruction cascade?
cytotoxic T cells and NK cells
Protein malnutrition is what disease?
Kwashiorkor
What is protein-calorie deficiency?
Marasmus
