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Captain Sori-Tech Books > BK 11 - Communications Manual > Flashcards

BK 11 - Communications Manual Flashcards

1
Q

The ________ issues guidelines and restrictions on the use of radio transmissions.

If these guidelines and restrictions are not followed, the Department risks losing its assigned frequencies.

A

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

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2
Q

What type of LAFD communications are recorded on a 24/7 basis?

A

-All 18 LAFD assigned radio channels
-MDT messages
-Phone calls into and from MFC

(Radio communications are recorded only when the radios are operated in the “duplex” mode.)

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3
Q

MFC Channels (4, 7, 8, and 9) shall be used by field units for the following communications:

A
  1. Initial size-up.
  2. Request for additional resources.
  3. Request for special services and notifications, such as LAPD, DWP, etc.
  4. Rundown on resources responding.
  5. Location of command post, base or staging areas.
  6. Incident command designation (I/C Name).
  7. Change of command at an emergency.
  8. Knockdown of fire.
  9. Reporting resources available.
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4
Q

A sound approach for members to follow for TACTICAL communications to the IC would be communications indicating at least the following:

A

•The CONDITIONS
-Incident conditions
-Incident Action Plan (offensive, defensive, etc.)
-Status of tactical priorities
-Safety considerations
•Their ACTIONS
-Deployment and assignments of companies/personnel
•Their NEEDS.
-Appraisals for need of additional resources

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5
Q

No size-up is required for single company responses unless?

A

-help is needed

-situational changes require it.

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6
Q

Section 2/1-001.00 of the Manual of Operation states that a size-up shall include, but is not restricted to the following information, as applicable:

A

-Address of location of incident
-Type of incident
-Life hazard
-Assistance needed
-Exposure problems
-Location of Command Post

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7
Q

An initial size-up accomplishes the following:

A

-Informs MFC that LAFD resources are on-scene
-Determines response mode for balance of the assignment
-Helps MFC handle additional calls for the same incident
-Alerts MFC to the possible need to make move ups
-Alerts incoming recourses of what to expect.

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8
Q

As a general rule, size-ups by Rescue Ambulances or Fire Companies responding with Rescue Ambulances are not needed UNLESS there are extenuating circumstances or a request must be made for assistance.

If a life threatening situation exists, i.e., CPR in progress, multiple gun shot wounds, etc., a brief size-up to an incoming company, on the ________ Channel is appropriate.

A

EMS Tactical Channel

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9
Q

When requesting assistance from outside agencies (LAPD, DWP, ect.) allow approximately _____ minutes before requesting ETA’s.

A

30 mins

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10
Q

Companies returning to their own quarters _______ (shall or shall not?) direct MFC to “release the move up companies.

A

Shall NOT

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11
Q

At no time shall any member specifically cancel a resource of ______ authority.

A

-Higher authority

I.e., “Metro from Task Force 1, cancel Battalion 1.”
A more appropriate message would be, “Metro from Task Force 1 we can handle.”

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12
Q

Radio Code Words:

  1. ______ is used to indicate an occurrence has potential value to news media.
  2. ______ is used at incidents involving bomb threats.
  3. ______ means a stronger radio signal has interfered with and overpowered another signal, making the weaker signal unreadable.
A
  1. Code 20
  2. Bravo Tango
  3. “Covered”
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13
Q

Radio Code Words:

  1. “______” Over land, an aircraft has, or is suspected to have an operational issue that affects normal flight operations to the extent there is danger of an accident.
  2. “______” Over water, an aircraft has, or is suspected to have an operational issue that affects normal flight operations to the extent there is danger of an accident.
A
  1. Alert 2
  2. Blue 2
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14
Q

Radio Code Words:

  1. “______” An aircraft accident has occurred on, or in the vicinity of the airport.
  2. “______” An aircraft accident has occurred in the water.
A
  1. Alert 3
  2. Blue 3
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15
Q

The Department has adopted the standard ________ Alphabet word list to be used when transmitting alphabetical letters to provide consistency and eliminate repeated transmissions.

A

International Phonetic Alphabet

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16
Q

LAPD dispatch is called “_______”.

A

-Control

For example, (control from Fire Rescue 11, has a unit been assigned to the reported assault at 7th and Alvarado?)

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17
Q

Los Angeles County Fire dispatch is called “______”.

A

-“LA”

For example, (LA from LAFD Engine 91, do you have units assigned to the reported incident on the south bound 14 freeway at Balboa?)

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18
Q
  1. Ventura County Fire dispatch is called “______”.
  2. U.S. Forest Service, Angeles National Forest dispatch is called “________”.
  3. Dispatch Center communications for any of the 11 agencies managed by Verdugo Communications Center would be addressed to “________”.
A
  1. “Ventura”
  2. “Angeles”
  3. “Verdugo”
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19
Q

Members are reminded when making radio transmission, there are four considerations:

A
  1. Think about what you are going to say.
  2. Ask yourself if the message is necessary.
  3. Keep it brief.
  4. When you key the mike, be prepared to speak.
20
Q

Keep the microphone CLOSE to your mouth – about how far?

A

About 1 inch

(Also states a “couple of inches” and when speaking through a SCBA mask, place mic near voice port)

21
Q

True or False?

It is unnecessary and time consuming to transmit to MFC first, wait for a go-head and then give the message.

A

True

Give the complete message with the understanding that it will be heard.

22
Q

True or False?

When possible, you can contact other mobile units directly instead of relaying through MFC.

A

-True

23
Q

The LAFD has two different wireless communications systems.

The first is the “______” radio system and the second is the “______” radio system.

A
  1. “Voice” (Analog Conventional Simulcast)
    -800MHz operating range
  2. “Data” (Mobile Display Terminal aka MDT)
    -500MHz operating range
24
Q

There are _____ strategically located remote transmit/receive sites serving the LAFD voice radio system.

A

-10

  1. Oat Mountain
  2. Beverly Glen
  3. Verdugo Peak
  4. Mt. Washington
  5. KSKQ
  6. 100 Wilshire
  7. Baldwin Hills
  8. San Pedro Hill
  9. City Hall East
  10. Mt. Lukens (City wide voice back-up system)
25
Q

LAFD portable radios transmit 2 or 4 Watts of power (depending on model) and have a transmit range of up to about _____ miles in “simplex”(direct) mode under the best of conditions.

A

2-3 miles

26
Q

Radio waves can travel through some materials, such as glass or thin wood, but the strength is reduced due to absorption. Materials such as metal and earth completely block the waves due to their composition and density.

_____ MHz band is more effective for building penetration. The radio waves are small enough to go between the steel frame and metal reinforcing bars.

A

800MHz

27
Q

The factor that most influences radio system coverage is?

A

The height of the antenna above the surrounding ground and structures

28
Q

When a portable radio is worn at waist level, the user’s body absorbs some of the signal. In addition, the antenna is at a much lower level than if the user were holding the radio to his or her face for transmitting.

What can a member do in a situation where they need to enhance radio performance?

A

-raise the radio up above head level then attempt communications again.

(Also states “at shoulder height”)

29
Q

What are the 3 modes of operation for the LAFD radio system?

A

-Simplex (direct mode)

-Duplex (repeat mode using one transmit site)

-Simulcast (repeat mode using all transmit sites)

30
Q

Member transmitting radio messages using “simplex” (direct) mode:

The receiving radios will receive the transmitting unit message regardless if they are simplex or duplex mode.

To transmit back to the originating unit, the receiving unit must be in the ______ mode.

A

Simplex mode (direct mode)

What is necessary to understand is that in simplex or “direct mode, the signal transmitted by the broadcasting unit is transmitted on the “down” leg frequency of the duplex or “repeat” channel.

31
Q

Which radio system is used when communicating with METRO or accessing the simulcast system by having the radio in repeat mode?

A

-Duplex mode

The transmitting unit is broadcasting on one frequency (the “up” leg), it is received by the repeater site and rebroadcast on the “down” leg on a second frequency, where it received by receiving units.

32
Q

Radio Systems

The “Simulcast” mode is used when transmitting ________ in the repeat mode.

A

-mobile to mobile

The difference in duplex and simulcast systems is that the simulcast system sends out the “down” leg at all transmit sites, thereby maximizing coverage to units in the field.

33
Q

Radio System Modes

If a member were working inside on a structure fire and was unable to establish communications with other units on the scene in duplex mode, a switch to _______ mode would be appropriate and may well resolve the communications problem.

A

Simplex mode (direct mode)

34
Q

Analog vs Digital Radio Signals

In an analog system, the clarity of the transmission, as received by the user, decrease directly as the signal level decreases.

Although digital radios provide a larger range of usable signal levels, the lack of advance indication of signal level decrease allows users to get closer to complete loss of communication without any advance ________.

A

Warning

35
Q

Another solution to improving communication between field units and MFC and other on-scene units while inside of buildings or tunnels is the use of ______ amplifiers.

A

-Bidirectional amplifiers (BDA).

BDAs can be used with duplex and simulcast radio systems but not simplex

36
Q

Bidirectional Amplifiers (BDAs) work well for incidents such as ______ and ______.

BDAs don’t work well when…..?

A

-EMS calls and law enforcement incidents.

-BDAs don’t work well when the building and building systems are affected by fire involvement.

37
Q

Strike Team Ops

The use of LAFD assigned frequencies outside the City is considered dangerous due to poor signal strength and the frequencies being used by other jurisdictions.

It is incumbent on members to adhere to the INCIDENT COMMUNICATIONS PLAN or use _______ or ______ channels when traveling or working outside the immediate area of Los Angeles.

A

National or Statewide interoperability channels

38
Q

Strike Team Operations

What two state/national interoperability channels are recommended for travel, or tactical operations use outside the immediate area of Los Angeles?

A
  1. INTL FIREMARS (Fire Mutual Aid Radio System) Use in “simplex” (direct) mode of operation.
  2. CESRS (California Emergency Services Radio System)
39
Q

Portable Batteries

What are the two leading reasons for premature battery failure?

A
  1. Inadequate maintenance
  2. Overcharging
40
Q

Defective Portable Radio Replacement Procedures for Field Members:

A
  1. Immediately notify their officer in charge.
  2. The officer will contact the battalion office to coordinate a “loaner” radio from the battalion radio cache.
  3. Radios exchanged on a “one for one” basis. The BATTALION COMMANDER shall ensure that METRO is notified of the exchange and that the replacement radio ID number and suspect radio ID number is provided so the radio inventory data base can be updated.
  4. After METRO has updated the data base, the BATTALION COMMANDER shall ensure that a “emergency trigger” activation test is completed with the replacement radio.
  5. An F-2 entry shall be made documenting the above procedures.

The radio shall be tagged indicating assignment and information as to what the specific issue is regarding its functionality (i.e. “does not transmit”, “volume control does not function” etc…).

41
Q

The Vehicular Radio Modem (VRM) provides connectivity between a vehicle’s MDC and the Dept Data Radio Network.

A frequent problem results from the VRM occasional unresponsiveness or locking up, as indicated by “NEG ACK” (negative acknowledgement).

In a majority of documented cases, a simple re-boot of the _____ and _____ corrects the failure.

A

MDC and VRM

42
Q

Members may encounter radio problems when operating in the following locations:

A

-Below ground level (i.e. basements, tunnels)
-Within or adjacent to shielded rooms (i.e. x-ray rooms, sound stages)
-Enclosed elevator cars
-Center core area of some high rise buildings
-Steep or narrow canyons
-Any location outside the city limits

43
Q

“ALERT 6” is found in the _____ position on the portable radio channel select rotary knob in all zones.

A

16th

44
Q

Use of Command Channels:

A
  1. Channel 11 has been designated as the Department’s Command Channel. This channel is used by Chief Officers or members assigned in command positions for emergency and non-emergency operations.
    When a member wishes to contact the Metro Battalion Commander on the Command Channel, they should first contact Metro on the dispatch channel and state: “Metro from Battalion 1, have the B/C meet me on Channel 11.”
  2. Channel 11 should be used by Chief Officers to communicate expanded messages or comprehensive size-ups to MFC on working emergencies after the initial size-up.
  3. During GREATER/MAJOR incidents, Channel 11 shall be monitored by the Incident Commander and MFC until such time as both agree to discontinue its use.
  4. Operationally, members other then Chief Officers may be assigned command functions (Division Supervisor, Group Supervisor, etc…) which may require they monitor channel 11 for operational purposes.
45
Q

During ______ incidents, Channel 11 shall be monitored by the Incident Commander and MFC until such time as BOTH AGREE to discontinue its use.

A

greater/major

46
Q

The purpose of Tactical Channels is to?

A

reduce the overall radio traffic on any one channel.

(MFC does not normally monitor tactical channels. Conversations on tactical channels can be less formal and structured, but are still required to remain businesslike)

47
Q

When shall a COMPREHENSIVE size-up by the Incident Commander be made?

A

AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

The size-up includes, but is not limited to, the following:
-Correct address
-Description of incident
-Life hazards
-Assistance needed
-Special problems
-Location of Command Post
-Approximate duration of incident

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