Biotechology Flashcards
What is Reverse Transcriptase?
An enzyme that synthesizes cDNA from an mRNA template.
What is cDNA?
Complementary DNA made from mRNA, free of introns.
What is Hybridization?
The process of DNA or RNA pairing with complementary sequences.
What is FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)?
A technique using fluorescent probes to detect specific genes in chromosomes.
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
A method to rapidly replicate DNA using primers and DNA polymerase.
What are the steps of PCR?
Includes denaturation, priming, and extension to amplify DNA.
What is Recombinant DNA Technology?
A method to transfer genetic material from one organism to another.
What are Transgenic Organisms?
Organisms that have foreign DNA inserted into their genome.
What is Bioremediation?
Using microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment.
What is Synthetic Biology?
Designing and constructing new biological systems.
What is Gene Therapy?
Introducing, removing, or altering genes to treat diseases.
What are Sequence Maps?
Charts that show the position of genes on a chromosome.
What is Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing?
A sequencing method that fragments DNA and assembles it computationally.
What is High-Throughput Sequencing?
Rapid sequencing of large amounts of DNA simultaneously.
What is Genomics?
The study of entire genomes, including gene mapping and sequencing.
What is Bioinformatics?
The application of computational tools to analyze genetic data.
What does Annotating the Genome involve?
Identifying functional elements within a genome.
What is DNA Profiling?
Analyzing genetic markers to identify individuals.
What is a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)?
A variation in a single DNA nucleotide among individuals.
What is a Microarray Assay?
A technique that measures gene expression across many genes at once.
What is Proteomics?
The study of the entire set of proteins in a cell or organism.
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
A gene-editing technology that allows for precise modifications of DNA sequences.
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or biological systems to develop products and technologies.
True or False: Biotechnology only involves genetic engineering.
False
Fill in the blank: The branch of biotechnology that focuses on using microorganisms for industrial processes is called __________ biotechnology.
industrial
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology.
Which of the following is a common application of biotechnology? A) Drug development B) Waste management C) Agriculture D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What are recombinant DNA technologies?
Recombinant DNA technologies are methods used to combine DNA from different sources to create new genetic combinations.
True or False: CRISPR is a tool used for gene editing.
True
What is the primary goal of agricultural biotechnology?
To improve crop yield, resistance to pests, and nutritional value.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a technique used in biotechnology to amplify DNA sequences.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
What is biopharmaceuticals?
Biopharmaceuticals are medical drugs produced using biotechnology.
Which organism is often used in biotechnology for protein production?
Yeast
True or False: Cloning is a form of biotechnology.
True
What is bioremediation?
Bioremediation is the use of living organisms to remove or neutralize contaminants from the environment.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a process in biotechnology that involves the manipulation of living cells to produce substances.
Cell culture
What is the role of enzymes in biotechnology?
Enzymes are used as catalysts to speed up biochemical reactions in various biotechnological applications.
Which of the following is NOT a method of genetic engineering? A) Gene cloning B) CRISPR C) Natural selection D) Gene therapy
C) Natural selection
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to various cell types.
True or False: All biotechnological products are genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
False
What is the purpose of fermentation in biotechnology?
Fermentation is used to convert sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol using microorganisms.
Fill in the blank: __________ is a biotechnology application that involves the use of DNA fingerprints for identification.
Forensic biotechnology
What is bioinformatics?
Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to manage biological information.
Which regulatory body oversees biotechnology products in the United States?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
True or False: Biotechnology can be used in environmental conservation efforts.
True
What is synthetic biology?
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary branch of biotechnology that involves designing and constructing new biological parts and systems.
Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of modifying an organism’s DNA to achieve desired traits.
Genetic modification
What are biosensors?
Biosensors are analytical devices that convert a biological response into an electrical signal.
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project?
The Human Genome Project aimed to map all the genes in the human genome, providing insights into genetics and disease.
