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Biology > Biology Practical and Essay > Flashcards

Biology Practical and Essay Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the steps of the scientific method?

A

Observation
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experimentation
Data Analysis
Conclusions

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2
Q

When measuring the amount of liquid in a graduated cylinder, we should read the measurement at eye level from the center of the ___________?

A

Meniscus

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3
Q

Benedicts test is for ___________?

A

Glucose

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4
Q

Iodine test is for ___________?

A

Starch

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5
Q

Sudan IV test is for ___________?

A

Lipids

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6
Q

Biuret test is for___________?

A

Proteins

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7
Q

What are the positive and negative results for the Iodine test?

A

Positive- Black
Negative- Yellow

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8
Q

What are the positive and negative results for the Sudan IV test?

A

Positive- Bright Red
Negative- Light Pink

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9
Q

What are the positive and negative results for the biuret test?

A

Positive- Purple
Negative- Clear

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10
Q

What are the positive and negative results for the Benedicts test?

A

Positive- Red
Negative- blue

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11
Q

What do plants have that animal cells don’t have?

A

Cellulose, cell wall, water vacuoles, chloroplasts

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12
Q

___________ are only found in animal cells.

A

Organelles

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13
Q

If two solutions have different solute concentrations, the one with the higher solute concentration is referred to as _____________?

A

Hypertonic

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14
Q

If an egg gains mass the solution is ______ to the egg?

A

hypotonic

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15
Q

The egg placed in high salt solution what happened to the egg?

A

The egg shrunk
The egg decreased in mass

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16
Q

What percentage makes the solution hypertonic to the egg?

A

> 14%

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17
Q

If an egg is in 6% solution it is ________?
And does it gain or loose mass?

A

Hypertonic
Gains mass

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18
Q

The complex chemical compounds that plants produce to defend themselves against infection are called ________________?

A

Secondary Plant Metabolites

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19
Q

What is it that helps plants defend themselves?

A

Chemicals

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20
Q

Types of Secondary Metabolites

A

Alkaloids
Saponins
Phenolics
Tannins

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21
Q

Open Circulatory System

A

Have Vessels that are open at one end allowing hemolymph fluid to flow out amount the cells

In arthropods and mollusks and arthropods

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22
Q

Closed Circulatory System

A

Fluid called blood remains. within the vessels as it rapidly circulates through the body.

Present in vertebrates and annelid worms

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23
Q

What happens to BP and Heart Rate at steady state vs exercising?

A

Steady your blood pressure is normal, and your heart rate is slow in speed. As you begin to exercise the BP and heart rate increase because your muscles need more oxygen.

24
Q

A represents what artery when testing for glucose in the body?

And where does it transport blood?

A

Mesenteric Artery

Takes blood from the aorta to the intestines

25
Q

B represents what vein when testing for glucose in the body?

And where does it transport blood?

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

Intestines to liver

26
Q

C represents what vein when testing for glucose in the body?

And where does it transport blood?

A

Hepatic

liver to vena cava

27
Q

What does the diagram for glucose travel look like?

A

C—>Heart—A—–>Small Intestine—-B—–>Liver—-C

28
Q

What is the order of the concentration of glucose in order from most concentrated to lease concentrated directly after eating?

A

1- B- The small intestine to the liver
2-C- The small intestine to the heart
3-A The Heart to the small intestine

29
Q

Several hours after eating, what is the concentration after eating from the three locations from the most concentrated to the least concentrated?

A

1-C- The Liver to the heart
2-A The heart to the small intestine
3-B- The small intestine to the liver

30
Q

What does salt do to pulse rate?

A

Increases pulse rate

31
Q

What does acetylcholine do to pulse rate?

A

Increases

32
Q

What does epinephrine do to pulse rate?

A

Increases

33
Q

What does Alcohol do to pulse rate?

A

Slows it

34
Q

What does nicotine do to pulse rate?

A

Increases

35
Q

What does caffeine do to pulse rate?

A

Increases

36
Q

Haploid cells make _________ organisms.

A

Diploid

37
Q

What do humans use secondary metabolites for?

A

Medicinal purposes

Herbal Pharmacies

38
Q

What does it mean when bacteria surrounds a disk?

A

Microbial activity
whether certain plants have secondary metabolites

39
Q

Gram Positive

What color?

A

Bacteria have thick cell walls composed of peptidoglycan but lack the additional lipopolysaccharide layer

Purple

40
Q

What are three modes of locomotion

A

Cilia
Flagella
Pseudopodia

41
Q

Gram Negative

A

Bacteria have an additional lipopolysaccharide layer surrounding peptidoglycan walls.

42
Q

Flagella

A

mode of locomotion

a long whip like structure

sperm cells

43
Q

Cilia

A

mode of locomotion

small short hair like structure that coat outside of some cells

44
Q

Pseudopodia

A

mode of locomotion

temporary foot like protrusion of the cell surface

45
Q

What are the basic shapes of bacteria

A

Bacilli
Cocci
Spirilla

46
Q

Spiral-Shaped Bacteria

A

Sprilla

47
Q

Rod-Shaped Bacteria

A

Bacilli

48
Q

Round-shaped bacteria

A

cocci

49
Q

Cells with exact copies of the DNA from parent cells found all over the body.

A

Somatic Cells

50
Q

Sex cells

A

Gametes

51
Q

Meiosis creates what cells?

A

Gametes

52
Q

Meiosis produces what type of cells?

A

Haploid

53
Q

Diploid cell

A

2 copies of each chromosome

54
Q

Haploid cell

A

half the number of original chromosomes

55
Q

What is produced in fermentation?

A

Ethanol
C02
NAD+

56
Q

What does it mean to be antibiotic resistant?

A

The bacteria or virus has become immune and has evolved so that it is resistant to. drugs and takes over your system

Impossible to treat

57
Q

What happens if you do not finish you medication?

A

Wont kill all bacteria and the remaining bacteria and become resistant causing more trouble when getting rid of the virus.

Biology (8 decks)

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