Biology Exam 2 Flashcards
Glucose + Galactose=
Lactose
Glucose + Fructose=
Sucrose
Glucose + Glucose=
Maltose
Maltose + Water=
Is starch a storage or a structure
Storage
Is starch a storage in plants or animals
Plants
Is glycogen a storage or a structure?
Storage
Is glycogen storage in plants or animals?
Animals
Is cellulose a storage or structure?
Structure
Is chitin a storage or structure?
Structure
Is chitin a structure in plants or animals?
Animals
Why do we find HFCS in so many of our foods and drinks?
- Longer Shelf Life
- Dissolves in Liquid better
- Cheaper to make
List 2 functions of small sugars
- Energy Source
- Raw Material for Fatty Acids/Amino Acids
How is fructose different from glucose?
- Its sweeter
- Fructose is only used by liver cells
- More access fat left over in our body which can lead to fatty liver disease.
What was the major conclusion of each video perspectives of sugar?
- HFCS is bad and you should stop using it immediately.
- All sugar is the same and its not bad for you
- All sugar is the same but high fructose corn syrup is used more often which is causing the problems.
What is leptin?
Leptin is the hormone that tells your brain to stop eating or that you’re full.
What is leptin resistance?
It’s a desensitizing of a hormone that can lead to obesity.
What were the final conclusions from the discussion of HFCS?
- most abundant sugar , 150 lbs per person per year, 20+ teaspoons of sugar a day
- its a toxin especially at the rate we eat it at, high fructose has more than 50% fatty and leads to diabetes, cancers, dementia, fatty liver disease
- chemical contaminants used in manufacturing, chloralcali, contains mercury
4.have weird contaminants we don’t even know
5.big red flag for poor quality food if you see it in the label but it back on the shelf
What 2 factors related to food manufacturers have contributed to childhood/adult obesity?
- low fat labels on food but the sugar increases
2.there a lot more sugar in food in general
What is the unifying feature of lipids?
They are hydrophobic
What are the 3 major groups of lipids
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Fats
What are several ways that fatty acids differ from each other?
length and number of double bonds (structure and function)
Characteristics of Saturated fats
They are straight bonds like the straight straw, they can stack on top of each other and are solid at room temperature.
Examples of Saturated fats
- Butter
- Lard
Characteristics of Unsaturated fats
They are bendy bonds, have double bonds (kink in the tails), and are like the bent straw and can’t stack on top of each other. They are liquid at room temperature.
Examples of Unsaturated fats
- Sunflower oil
- Olive Oil
What environmental issue is connected with palm oil?
Deforestation which is leading to extinction of many animals that are being displaced.
How are trans fats created?
Created as side- effect in hydrogenation process
Do transfats have kinks?
No
If your food label has trans fats what does the product have in it?
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils
What straw would you draw for trans fats?
Straight Straw
What are the 3 main functions of fats?
- Insulation
- Protect vital organs
- Long term storage
What makes up a phospholipid?
2 fatty acids + 1 glycerol +1 phosphate