Biology Exam 5 Flashcards by Naomi Philips

Where does Mitosis occur?

In sexual reproducing organisms

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Meiosis is needed for what?

Sexual reproduction

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Functions of Mitosis?

replace cells in the renew/repair process

helps with growth

development of a zygote

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Functions of Meiosis?

Produce gamete cells

sperm or egg

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Goal of Mitosis?

Create somatic body cells

create 2 new genetically identical diploid cells

mom and dad cells

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Goals of Meiosis?

To create 4 or 1 haploid cells

genetically distinct

copy of every chromosome from mom or dad and is combined

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Number of Chromosomes made in Mitosis

46
one from each parent

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Number of Chromosomes made in Meiosis

23 halfs

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Location where Mitosis occurs

Body cells all over the body

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Location where Meiosis occurs

In the testis and ovaries

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What happens in Meiosis and not Mitosis

Crossing over

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If an egg had 24 chromosome, an extra one on chromosome 21 and a sperm with 23 what would it be?

Down syndrome

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Where does a cell replicate its DNA?

At the end of S phase

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Where does a cell continue to grow to prepare for division?

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What happens in M phase of cell cycle?

Cell stops growing and divides for Meiosis and Mitosis

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Metaphase

When the chromosomes align and attach and line up in the middle of cell so they can be split

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Interphase

DNA replicate and get ready to split

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Prophase

Chromosomes form and start spreading

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Anaphase

They are pulled to the walls

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Telophase

Last part when the cells split

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In DNA nitrogenous bases are held together by what?

Hydrogen Bonds

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Goal of Mitosis

To create 2 identical diploid somatic cells

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What does DNA replication result in?

DNA

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Genes code for what?

Proteins

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Vinblastin and Taxol are what and affect what

Chemotherapy medications Stop the mitotic spinal from turning

The 2 DNA strands in double helix are ________ to each other? Perpendicular Parallel Antiparallel Why?

Anitparallel because they run in opposite directions in a 5' to 3' direction

Cancer occurs in what cell reproduction?

Mitosis

Transcription and Translation occur in what parts of the cell cycle?

G1 and G2

Where does Transcription occur?

Nucleus

Where does Translation occur?

Cytoplasm

What is required for Translation?

A Ribosomes

A in RNA pair with ___and ___

u and t depending on where AT UA

A pair with ___ in DNA

Uracil is present in _____________?

Transcription

Thymine is for __________?

DNA replication

Events in transcription in order 1.RNA Polymerase binds to promoter 2.RNA Polymerase reachers terminator 3.RNA Polymerase exits gene RNA is released 4.RNA Polymerase transcribers gene

1,4,2,3

Which of the following terms is associated with transcription of nucleic acid? promoter RNA Polymerase terminator gene

Promoter terminator gene

Number of DNA strands on transcription and DNA replication

transcription- 1 DNA replication-2

number of strands in product of transcription and DNA replication?

transcription- 1 DNA replication-2

Product of transcription and DNA replication

transcription- RNA DNA replication- 2 DNA helix strands

Type of Nucleic Acid in transcription and DNA replication?

transcription- mRNA DNA replication- DNA

Which of transcription and DNA replication involves polymerase?

transcription

Difference in nitrogenous bases between transcription and DNA replication

Uracil Thayamine

Is the original strand completely unwound when it comes to transcription and DNA replication?

Yes with DNA replication no when its transcription

What involved terminator and polymerace?

Transcription

Where does the product go after transcription and DNA replication?

After DNA replication it stays in Nucleus After Transcription- it does to the cytoplasm and finds a ribosome

Goal of Translation

To make a polypeptide

How many nucleotides are in a codine?

Bonded amino acid molecules combine to make what?

A polypeptide

mRNA is made where?

Transcription

How is an amino acid brought into the ribosome?

Through tRNA

_________-DNA is transcribed into mRNA and is ________ into a polypeptide.

Transcription Translated

What is the analogy for tRNA

the pencil the student and the notebook on the floor

If AGA is the codon, what is the anticodon?

UCU

When it comes to finding the amino acid that fits the codon how do you find it?

You pick the group of three from the mRNA Condon strand

Anticodon bonds with what?

Codon

Anti codons are attached to _____ while codons are attached to __________?

tRNA mRNA

What are the steps in Transcription and Translation?

Initiation Elongation Termination

Explain Initiation in Translation

mRNA exits nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it finds a ribosome The ribosome sub units come together because of codons and anticodons

What are the Ribosomal sites

APE

When does termination happen in translation

When the mRNA stop codon is reached at A site

What begins and ends at P site

Polypeptide synthesis

What happens after translation to the entire complex shape of translation?

Gain shape 3D

What does something old, something new mean.

In DNA replication the 2 strands created are half old DNA and half new DNA

What does it mean when the DNA strands are antiparallel

one goes up and the other goes down 5' 3' : : : : : : 3'. 5'

What determines blood type? The test

Add antibodies to blood If A is added to blood type A it will clump

Why do fragments in the leading strand have to be made?

DNA can only be added

Release factor goes to what cite in translation?

Body cells=_______

Somatic Cells

The study of women with breast cancer had how many subjects and what where the results?

106,000 Black Women under the age of 35 where most at risk and required the most aggressive form of treatment

Why are calico cats mostly women?

Because you need to genes??????????? I'm guessing it takes two X genes of the same to bee calico so only male calico cats have klienfelters which is XXY

Genotype

Genetic trait

Phenotype

Physical Trait

!!!!!!!Bird and Mouse study!!!!!!

What is an autosome

a non sex chromosome

what is I'

it is an enzyme that adds carbs like A or B to the RBC surface

What is an i

It is an inactive form of the enzime with no carbs added

Where does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle

S phase

DNA. replication is necessary for ______ cells to be made

2 new cells

tRNA is the interpreter for _______ codons into polypeptides

mRNA

What body cells do not proceed through mitosis?

Mature skeletal muscle cells and nerve cells

What body cells do proceed through mitosis?

Skin cells, intestinal cells, hair cells, most external cells