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Biology > Biology Exam 5 > Flashcards

Biology Exam 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where does Mitosis occur?

A

In sexual reproducing organisms

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2
Q

Meiosis is needed for what?

A

Sexual reproduction

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3
Q

Functions of Mitosis?

A

replace cells in the renew/repair process

helps with growth

development of a zygote

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4
Q

Functions of Meiosis?

A

Produce gamete cells

sperm or egg

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5
Q

Goal of Mitosis?

A

Create somatic body cells

create 2 new genetically identical diploid cells

mom and dad cells

46

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6
Q

Goals of Meiosis?

A

To create 4 or 1 haploid cells

genetically distinct

copy of every chromosome from mom or dad and is combined

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7
Q

Number of Chromosomes made in Mitosis

A

46
one from each parent

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8
Q

Number of Chromosomes made in Meiosis

A

23 halfs

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9
Q

Location where Mitosis occurs

A

Body cells all over the body

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10
Q

Location where Meiosis occurs

A

In the testis and ovaries

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11
Q

What happens in Meiosis and not Mitosis

A

Crossing over

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12
Q

If an egg had 24 chromosome, an extra one on chromosome 21 and a sperm with 23 what would it be?

A

Down syndrome

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13
Q

Where does a cell replicate its DNA?

A

At the end of S phase

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14
Q

Where does a cell continue to grow to prepare for division?

A

G2

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15
Q

What happens in M phase of cell cycle?

A

Cell stops growing and divides for Meiosis and Mitosis

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16
Q

Metaphase

A

When the chromosomes align and attach and line up in the middle of cell so they can be split

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17
Q

Interphase

A

DNA replicate and get ready to split

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18
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes form and start spreading

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19
Q

Anaphase

A

They are pulled to the walls

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20
Q

Telophase

A

Last part when the cells split

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21
Q

In DNA nitrogenous bases are held together by what?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

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22
Q

Goal of Mitosis

A

To create 2 identical diploid somatic cells

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23
Q

What does DNA replication result in?

A

DNA

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24
Q

Genes code for what?

A

Proteins

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25
Q

Vinblastin and Taxol are what and affect what

A

Chemotherapy medications

Stop the mitotic spinal from turning

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26
Q

The 2 DNA strands in double helix are ________ to each other?
Perpendicular
Parallel
Antiparallel

Why?

A

Anitparallel

because they run in opposite directions in a 5’ to 3’ direction

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27
Q

Cancer occurs in what cell reproduction?

A

Mitosis

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28
Q

Transcription and Translation occur in what parts of the cell cycle?

A

G1 and G2

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29
Q

Where does Transcription occur?

A

Nucleus

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30
Q

Where does Translation occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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31
Q

What is required for Translation?

A

A Ribosomes

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32
Q

A in RNA pair with ___and ___

A

u and t depending on where
AT
UA

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33
Q

A pair with ___ in DNA

A

T

34
Q

Uracil is present in _____________?

A

Transcription

35
Q

Thymine is for __________?

A

DNA replication

36
Q

Events in transcription in order

1.RNA Polymerase binds to promoter

2.RNA Polymerase reachers terminator

3.RNA Polymerase exits gene RNA is released

4.RNA Polymerase transcribers gene

A

1,4,2,3

37
Q

Which of the following terms is associated with transcription of nucleic acid?

promoter
RNA Polymerase
terminator
gene

A

Promoter
terminator
gene

38
Q

Number of DNA strands on transcription and DNA replication

A

transcription- 1
DNA replication-2

39
Q

number of strands in product of transcription and DNA replication?

A

transcription- 1
DNA replication-2

40
Q

Product of transcription and DNA replication

A

transcription- RNA
DNA replication- 2 DNA helix strands

41
Q

Type of Nucleic Acid in transcription and DNA replication?

A

transcription- mRNA
DNA replication- DNA

42
Q

Which of transcription and DNA replication involves polymerase?

A

transcription

43
Q

Difference in nitrogenous bases between transcription and DNA replication

A

Uracil Thayamine

44
Q

Is the original strand completely unwound when it comes to transcription and DNA replication?

A

Yes with DNA replication no when its transcription

45
Q

What involved terminator and polymerace?

A

Transcription

46
Q

Where does the product go after transcription and DNA replication?

A

After DNA replication it stays in Nucleus

After Transcription- it does to the cytoplasm and finds a ribosome

47
Q

Goal of Translation

A

To make a polypeptide

48
Q

How many nucleotides are in a codine?

A

3

49
Q

Bonded amino acid molecules combine to make what?

A

A polypeptide

50
Q

mRNA is made where?

A

Transcription

51
Q

How is an amino acid brought into the ribosome?

A

Through tRNA

52
Q

_________-DNA is transcribed into mRNA and is ________ into a polypeptide.

A

Transcription
Translated

53
Q

What is the analogy for tRNA

A

the pencil the student and the notebook on the floor

54
Q

If AGA is the codon, what is the anticodon?

A

UCU

55
Q

When it comes to finding the amino acid that fits the codon how do you find it?

A

You pick the group of three from the mRNA Condon strand

56
Q

Anticodon bonds with what?

A

Codon

57
Q

Anti codons are attached to _____ while codons are attached to __________?

A

tRNA

mRNA

58
Q

What are the steps in Transcription and Translation?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

59
Q

Explain Initiation in Translation

A

mRNA exits nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it finds a ribosome

The ribosome sub units come together because of codons and anticodons

60
Q

What are the Ribosomal sites

A

APE

61
Q

When does termination happen in translation

A

When the mRNA stop codon is reached at A site

62
Q

What begins and ends at P site

A

Polypeptide synthesis

63
Q

What happens after translation to the entire complex shape of translation?

A

Gain shape

3D

64
Q

What does something old, something new mean.

A

In DNA replication the 2 strands created are half old DNA and half new DNA

65
Q

What does it mean when the DNA strands are antiparallel

A

one goes up and the other goes down

5’ 3’
: :
: :
: :
3’. 5’

66
Q

What determines blood type?
The test

A

Add antibodies to blood
If A is added to blood type A it will clump

67
Q

Why do fragments in the leading strand have to be made?

A

DNA can only be added

68
Q

Release factor goes to what cite in translation?

A

A

69
Q

Body cells=_______

A

Somatic Cells

70
Q

The study of women with breast cancer had how many subjects and what where the results?

A

106,000

Black Women under the age of 35 where most at risk and required the most aggressive form of treatment

71
Q

Why are calico cats mostly women?

A

Because you need to genes??????????? I’m guessing it takes two X genes of the same to bee calico so only male calico cats have klienfelters which is XXY

72
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic trait

73
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical Trait

74
Q

!!!!!!!Bird and Mouse study!!!!!!

A
75
Q

What is an autosome

A

a non sex chromosome

76
Q

what is I’

A

it is an enzyme that adds carbs like A or B to the RBC surface

77
Q

What is an i

A

It is an inactive form of the enzime with no carbs added

78
Q

Where does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle

A

S phase

79
Q

DNA. replication is necessary for ______ cells to be made

A

2 new cells

80
Q

tRNA is the interpreter for _______ codons into polypeptides

A

mRNA

81
Q

What body cells do not proceed through mitosis?

A

Mature skeletal muscle cells and nerve cells

82
Q

What body cells do proceed through mitosis?

A

Skin cells, intestinal cells, hair cells, most external cells

Biology (8 decks)

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