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Biology Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To release stored E from food in. presence of oxygen
Release energy (ATP). from food source(glucose)

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2
Q

Is cellular respiration a exergonic or endogenic reaction?

A

Exergonic

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3
Q

Who has cellular respiration?

A

Eukaryotes and many prokaryotes

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4
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

In the cytoplasm and mitochondria

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5
Q

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Pyruvate Oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle
  3. Oxidative phosphorylation: ETC+ and Chemiosmosis
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6
Q

Where do the three stages of cellular respiration occur?

A
  1. Cytoplasm
  2. Matrix
  3. Matrix, inner membrane, inter membrane space
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7
Q

Inputs of glycolysis

A

6C molecule or other fuel

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8
Q

Outputs of glycolysis

A

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate

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9
Q

In glycolysis, glucose is turned into. what?

A

Pyruvate and NADH

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10
Q

Is oxygen required in glycolysis?

A

No

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11
Q

In glycolysis each step is _____ catalyzed

A

Enzyme

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12
Q

How are things phosphorylated?

A

Through ATP

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13
Q

In glycolysis step 1, 6C is phosphorylated to what?

A

6C-P

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14
Q

In step 2 of glycolysis what happens?

A

6C-P is phosphorylated again into
P-6C-P

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15
Q

What happens in step 3 of glycolysis?

A

P-6C-P is split in half to form
3C-P
3C-P

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16
Q

What is step 4 of glycolysis?

A

(F)ORP

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17
Q

What does O stand for in (F)ORP

A

Oxidated

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18
Q

What happens in O for FORP?

A

They’re oxidized and 3C-P’s electrons are removed and then are transferred to NAD+

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19
Q

In oxidation when the electrons are removed who receives them

A

NADH

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20
Q

What does R in FORP stand for?

A

Reduced

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21
Q

What is reduced in FORP?
and what is it reduced to?
and how many times?

A

NAD+
NADH
2 times

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22
Q

What does P stand for in FORP?

A

Phosphorylated

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23
Q

How is 3C-P phosphorylated?

A

E released from exergonic oxidation allows phosphorylation via P: now high PE

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24
Q

3C-P, 3C-P is phosphorylated to what?

A

P-3C-P
P-3C-P

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25
In step 5A of glycolysis what happens?
1 P is removed from each molecule
26
The 2P's removed from each molecule are transferred to ____ to make _____
ADP. to make ATP
27
What happens in step 5B
the same thing as in step 5 1P from each molecule is removed and transferred to ADP to make ATP
28
Draw out what steps 5A and 5B would look like
P-3C-P------->P------ADP------->ATP P-3C-P-------> P-----ADP------->ATP ATP<------ADP<----P----<---P-3C-P ATP<------ADP<----P----<---P-3C-P
29
What is the net ATP made in glycolysis? Why
2 because 2 ATP where invested in the process
30
How many ATP were made in the process of glycolysis?
4
31
Glucose is ______ into______
Oxidized into Pyruvate
32
Glycolysis means
split sugar
33
Glucose + Oxygen =
Carbon dioxide + water + energy ATP
34
Does pyruvate oxidation require oxygen?
Yes
35
Does pyruvate oxidation produce ATP?
No
36
What enters pyruvate oxidation?
2 Pyruvate
37
What exits pyruvate oxidation?
2 Acetylcholine and NADH, CO2
38
What's the goal of pyruvate oxidation?
To make the molecules more reactive, electron carriers
39
What are the steps for pyruvate oxidation?
RORA
40
What does the first R stand for in pyruvate oxidation?
Release
41
What is released in pyruvate oxidation?
CO2 is released from the pyruvate 3C 3C into 2C 2C
42
What is O in pyruvate oxidation?
Oxidized
43
What is oxidized in pyruvate oxidation?
2C 2C fragments
44
What does it mean when the 2C fragments are oxidized?
electrons are removed
45
What does the second R in pyruvate oxidation stand for?
Reduced
46
What is reduced in pyruvate oxidation?
NAD+ to NADH
47
What does A stand for in pyruvate oxidation?
Add
48
When something is reduced, what happens?
gains something like an electron
49
What is added and what is it added to in pyruvate oxidation?
Co enzyme A is added to the 2C molecules
50
What happens when Co enzyme A is added to the 2C molecules?
2C-->Acetyl CoA 2C-->Acetyl CoA
51
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle happen?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
52
What enters Citric Acid Cycle?
2 Acetyl CoA
53
What exits the Citric Acid Cycle?
NADH FADH2 ATP CO2
54
What the goal of Citric Acid Cycle?
Create some ATP and many E- Carriers
55
What are the two groups for Oxidative Phosphorylation?
1. ETC 2. Chemiosmosis
56
What are the two types of electron carriers?
NADH FADH2
57
Where do the electron carriers drop off electrons?
At the protein complexes
58
What powers the protein complexes?
E- traveling through them
59
What are NADH+FADH2?
Electrons Carriers
60
What do the protein complexes pump?
H+ ions
61
Where are electron complexes made?
In the citric acid cycle
62
Where do NADH+FADH2 bring electrons?
To the Oxidative Phosphorylation more specifically to the protein complexes
63
Where is ETC located?
Inner membrane of the Mitochondria
64
How many steps are in oxidative phosphorylation?
4
65
What are the 4 steps of oxidative phosphorylation?
MOVE PUMP DIFFUSE MAKE
66
Explain the move step of OP
E- move down protein complexes in ETC
67
What is the move analogy?
Kid on bike Kid(e-) bike(electron carriers) slide(ETC) parent(oxygen waiting for the kid with water)
68
1st path for e-
NADH 1-3-4
69
2nd path for e-
FADH2 2-3-4
70
What happens when e- reach the end of the ETC?
E- are attracted to O and when they bond they form water
71
What receives power from the e- to pump? And what does it pump?
Protein complexes H+ ions
72
Do they pump up or down?
UP
73
Where are h+ and where do they get pumped to?
Matrix Inter membrane space
74
What diffuses in the diffuse phase?
H+ ions
75
Do H+ diffuse up or down?
Down
76
Where do H+ diffuse through? And where do they begin at the start and where do they end up?
Diffuse through ATP synthase Start in inter membrane space End in the matrix
77
What is MADE?
ATP is made through ADP and ATP synthase
78
What is crucial for oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxygen
79
Why is O crucial for oxidative phosphorylation?
It draws the e- down towards it and is the final ei acceptor
80
What are the _____in the activity? -note cards -ping pong balls -students -stars -cilinder
-E- from NADH and FADH2 -H+ ions -Protein Complexes -ATP -ATP synthase
81
What is the ETC?
A group of membrane proteins
82
The place in the mitochondria that has the most ions?
Inter membrane space
83
Where is the ATP synthase?
On the inner membrane
84
What moves down the ETC?
E-
85
E- represents a source of?
PE
86
By H+ ions being pumped up what is being established?
maintaining the concentration gradient
87
What is made after e- leave ETC's 4th complex?
H2O, CO2, and H+
88
Why do H+ diffuse?
Because of the concentration gradient
89
In cellular respiration you ______ and _______ to supply ________ of CR to your cells - react, eat, breathe -eat, react, breathe -breathe, eat, reactants
breathe eat reactants

Biology (12 decks)

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