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DAT > Biology - Excretion > Flashcards

Biology - Excretion Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between excretion and elimination?

A

excretion is the removable of metabolic waste and elimination is the removal of indigestible materials

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2
Q

what are the metabolic products of aerobic respiration?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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3
Q

what are the metabolic products of deamination in the liver?

A

urea, ammonia (nitrogenous waste)

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4
Q

how do water soluble waste get excreted in protozoans and cnidarians?

A

simple diffusion through the cell membrane

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5
Q

how do paramecium (a type of protozoa) maintain their volume and pressure?

A

contractile vacuole excretes water that is pumped in from the freshwater environment with energy

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6
Q

how is carbon dioxide excreted from annelids?

A

through the skin

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7
Q

what is a nephridia in an annelid?

A

excretes water, salt, urea

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8
Q

how is carbon dioxide excreted from arthropods/insects?

A

it transports to trachea which connect to external environments via spiracles

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9
Q

what are nitrogenous waste products excreted as in arthropods? why?

A

uric acid crystals; it conserves water

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10
Q

what do the lungs excrete in humans?

A

carbon dioxide and water vapor; they are pumped from the blood into the alveoli to be excreted with exhalation

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11
Q

what does the skin excrete?

A

water, salt and urea (small amounts)

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12
Q

what does the liver excrete?

A

nitrogenous waste, blood pigments and chemicals

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13
Q

what is the main area that excretes urea?

A

kidney

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14
Q

what part of the body maintains osmolarity of blood?

A

kidney

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15
Q

what does the kidney regulate?

A

the water and salt concentration of the blood

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16
Q

3 areas of the kidney:

A

outer cortex, inner medulla and renal pelvis

17
Q

what the the Bowman’s capsule? what does it contain?

A

it contains a glomerulus; bowman’s capsule leads into the different loops and tubes of the kidney

18
Q

4 functional units of the kidney?

A

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct

19
Q

what part of the nephron does the loop of henle run through?

A

the medulla

20
Q

what part of the nephron do the convoluted tubules and Bowman’s capsule run through?

A

the cortex

21
Q

what surrounds the nephron?

A

the peritubular capillary network

22
Q

how much of the blood plans in the glomerulus is forced through the capillary walls and into the Bowman’s capsule?

A

20%

23
Q

is the filtrate in the nephron isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic to the blood plasma?

A

isotonic

24
Q

what drives the process of filtration in urine formation?

A

hydrostatic pressure of blood

25
Q

t or f? the nephron secretes harmful substances like K+, phosphate, acids and bases from the interstitial fluid into the filtrate via active and passive transport?

A

True

26
Q

what is reabsorbed from the filtrate into the blood during urine formation?

A

glucose, salt, amino acid and water

27
Q

what does reabsorption take place during urine formation?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

28
Q

is reabsorption active or passive?

A

active

29
Q

is the urine isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic to the blood?

A

hypertonic

30
Q

does tissue osmolarity increase or decrease from cortex to medulla?

A

increase

31
Q

what is the countercurrent-multiplier system?

A

is allows for the most concentrated urine to be formed

32
Q

is the medulla of the kidney hyperosmolar or hypoosmoolar to the filtrate in the collecting tube?

A

hyperosmolar

33
Q

how does water flow out of the collecting tubules?

A

osmosis

34
Q

what hormone regulates the permeability of the collecting tubules?

A

ADH (vasopressin)

35
Q

does the presence of ADH increase or decrease the concentration of urine?

A

increases (allow for more water to be reabsorbed)

36
Q

how do plants get rid of water vapor?

A

transpiration from stomates

37
Q

how are carbon dioxide and water diffused out of plants?

A

diffusion through stomates and lenticels

DAT (15 decks)

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