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DAT > Biology - Classification > Flashcards

Biology - Classification Flashcards

1
Q

what does taxonomy consider?

A

evolutionary relationships; structures, genetic makeup, modes of excretions, movement and digestion, etc.

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2
Q

subdivisions of classification from biggest to smallest:

A

kindgom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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3
Q

what does the scientific name of an organism contain?

A

genus and species

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4
Q

why are viruses often considered nonliving organisms?

A

they do not carry out physiological or biochemical processes outside of their host

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5
Q

two types of viral life cycles:

A

lytic and lysogenic

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6
Q

what do you call bacteria that exclusively infect bacteria?

A

bacteriophages

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7
Q

what are monerans? what do they lack?

A

prokaryotes (like bacteria); they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

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8
Q

how do monerans reproduce?

A

asexually

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9
Q

what does the protist kingdom contain?

A

primitive eukaryotic organism with both plant and animal characteristics

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10
Q

what do protists contain?

A

single cells or colonies of similar cells with no differentiation of tissues

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11
Q

why are fungi considered non photosynthetic?

A

they are multicellular, differentiated and nonmotile

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12
Q

what are the cell walls of fungi made of?

A

chitin (not cellulose like in plants)

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13
Q

two kinds of fungi:

A

saprophytic (bread mold) and parasitic (athlete’s foot)

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14
Q

what does the plant kingdom include?

A

multicellular organism with differentiated tissues; they are nonmotile and photosynthetic

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15
Q

where do cyanobacteria live?

A

mostly in freshwater but also in marine environments

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16
Q

what do cyanobacteria have? what don’t they have?

A

they have cell walls and photosynthetic pigments; they don’t have mitochondria, nucleus, flagella or chloroplasts

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17
Q

what kind of DNA do bacteria have?

A

single stranded circular loop of DNA; not enclosed by nuclear membrane

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18
Q

what are the 3 morphological classifications of bacteria:

A

cocci (round), bacilli (rods) and spirilla (spiral)

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19
Q

what are the 3 forms of bacteria?

A

diplo- (duplexes); staphylo- (clusters); strepto- (chains)

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20
Q

what are protists?

A

eukaryotes with membrane bound nucleus and organelles

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21
Q

two main categories of protists:

A

protozoa and algae

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22
Q

what are protozoans?

A

heterotrophic, unicellular organisms

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23
Q

what are algae? main example?

A

photosynthetic; Euglena

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24
Q

what kind of algae are sometimes called multicellular?

A

blue, red and green

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25
Q

how are fungi different from plants?

A

all fungi are heterotrophs

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26
Q

how do fungi get their food?

A

they absorb it from the environment

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27
Q

how do fungi reproduce?

A

asexual sporulation

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28
Q

examples of fungi?

A

mushrooms, yeast and lichens

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29
Q

characteristics of ALL plants:

A

multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthetic and non-motile

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30
Q

what do waxy cuticles of plants do?

A

minimize water loss while allowing light to be transmitted

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31
Q

where do bryophytes live?

A

moist places because they have no water-conducting woody material (xylem)

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32
Q

what is the dominant generation of bryophytes?

A

gametophyte

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33
Q

what are the two types of bryophytes?

A

liverworts and mosses

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34
Q

what are tracheophytes?

A

vascular plants with xylem and phloem; they have roots and not rhizoids

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35
Q

what kind of symmetry do tracheophytes have?

A

radial

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36
Q

what is the dominant generation of vascular plants?

A

sporophytes

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37
Q

4 types of vascular plants:

A

psilophyta; lycophyta; sphenophyta; pterophyta

38
Q

what kind of vascular plant is a fern?

A

pterophyte

39
Q

where are the spores of a fern?

A

on the underside of the leaf in sporangium

40
Q

what are the largest groups of gymnosperms?

A

conifers

41
Q

what are gymnosperms?

A

naked seed plants

42
Q

what kind of spores do female cones make? male cones?

A

female make megaspores and male make microspores

43
Q

what falls under the division anthophyta?

A

angiosperms

44
Q

what part of angiosperm makes megaspores?

A

the ovary of the pistil

45
Q

what part of angiosperm makes microspores?

A

the anther of the stamen

46
Q

what are dicotyledon examples?

A

maple, apple trees, potatoes, carrots, goldenrods, buttercups

47
Q

what are monocot examples?

A

wheat, corn rye, rice, sugar cane, pineapple, irises, bananas

48
Q

all animals except parasites like tapeworms……

A

ingest bulk foods, digest them and then eliminate the waste

49
Q

most animals have what kind of symmetry?

A

bilateral

50
Q

what animals have radial symmetry?

A

cnidarians and echinoderms

51
Q

what are porifera?

A

sponges

52
Q

what are the characteristics of sponges?

A

two layers of cells, pores and sessile, low specialization of cells

53
Q

what are the two layers of cells called in cnidarians?

A

ectoderm and endoderm

54
Q

examples of cnidarians?

A

hydra, jellyfish, coral, anemone

55
Q

what is the symmetry of flatworms/platyhelminthes?

A

bilateral

56
Q

how many cell layers do flatworms have?

A

3 including the mesoderm

57
Q

do flatworms have a circulatory system?

A

no

58
Q

what are nematoda?

A

roundworms

59
Q

do nematodes have a circulatory system?

A

no

60
Q

what kind of nervous system do round worms have?

A

nerve cords and an anterior nerve ring

61
Q

what are annelida?

A

segmented worms

62
Q

what do segmented worms have?

A

coelom (true body cavity)

63
Q

what kind of exoskeleton do mollusks have?

A

calcium carbonate from the mantle

64
Q

what kind of exoskeleton do arthropods have?

A

chitin

65
Q

what kind of circulatory system do arthropods have?

A

open

66
Q

3 classes of arthropods?

A

insects, arachnids and crustaceans

67
Q

what do insects have?

A

3 pairs of legs, spiracles, tracheal tubes

68
Q

what do arachnids have?

A

pairs of legs and book lungs

69
Q

what do crustaceans have?

A

segmented body and variable number of appendages and gills

70
Q

what are echinoderms? symmetry?

A

spiny, radial symmetry and have a water-vascular system

71
Q

what does evolutionary show from echinoderms?

A

that they are linked to chordates

72
Q

what is the characteristic of chordate?

A

stiff dorsal rod called the notochord

73
Q

what are lancelets and tunicates?

A

chordate but not vertebrates (notochord but no back bones)

74
Q

what are the 5 classes of vertebrates?

A

amphibians, reptiles, fish, birds and mammals

75
Q

what do vertebrates have the chordates don’t have?

A

they have bones that form the backbone

76
Q

what do all fish have?

A

2 chambered heart, gills, and external fertilization

77
Q

example of jawless fish

A

lamprey and hagfish of the class Agnatha

78
Q

what are cartilaginous fish?

A

have jaws and teeth with a reduced notochord

79
Q

example of cartilaginous fish?

A

shark

80
Q

where is the larval stage of amphibians found? how?

A

in the water with no legs but with gills and a tail

81
Q

characteristics of adult amphibians:

A

3 chambered heart, no tail, two pairs of legs, lungs, no scales, external fertilization

82
Q

examples of amphibians:

A

frog, salamander, toad and newt

83
Q

characteristic of reptiles:

A

on land, lungs, eggs, internal fertilization, cold blooded, scales, 3 chambered heart

84
Q

example of reptiles

A

turtle, lizard, snake and crocodile

85
Q

what kind of heart do birds have?

A

4 chambered heart and they are warm blooded

86
Q

what are mammals?

A

warm-blooded and feed young with milk from mammary glands

87
Q

what are monetremes?

A

lay eggs, horny bills and have mammary glands with many openings but no nipples

88
Q

example of monetremes?

A

platypus and anteater

89
Q

what are marsupials?

A

pouched animals; have nipples

90
Q

examples of marsupials?

A

opossum and kangaroo

91
Q

what are placental mammals?

A

embryos develop fully in the uterus

92
Q

examples of placental mammals:

A

bats, whale, mouse, humans

DAT (15 decks)

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