Biology - Classification Flashcards
what does taxonomy consider?
evolutionary relationships; structures, genetic makeup, modes of excretions, movement and digestion, etc.
subdivisions of classification from biggest to smallest:
kindgom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
what does the scientific name of an organism contain?
genus and species
why are viruses often considered nonliving organisms?
they do not carry out physiological or biochemical processes outside of their host
two types of viral life cycles:
lytic and lysogenic
what do you call bacteria that exclusively infect bacteria?
bacteriophages
what are monerans? what do they lack?
prokaryotes (like bacteria); they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
how do monerans reproduce?
asexually
what does the protist kingdom contain?
primitive eukaryotic organism with both plant and animal characteristics
what do protists contain?
single cells or colonies of similar cells with no differentiation of tissues
why are fungi considered non photosynthetic?
they are multicellular, differentiated and nonmotile
what are the cell walls of fungi made of?
chitin (not cellulose like in plants)
two kinds of fungi:
saprophytic (bread mold) and parasitic (athlete’s foot)
what does the plant kingdom include?
multicellular organism with differentiated tissues; they are nonmotile and photosynthetic
where do cyanobacteria live?
mostly in freshwater but also in marine environments
what do cyanobacteria have? what don’t they have?
they have cell walls and photosynthetic pigments; they don’t have mitochondria, nucleus, flagella or chloroplasts
what kind of DNA do bacteria have?
single stranded circular loop of DNA; not enclosed by nuclear membrane
what are the 3 morphological classifications of bacteria:
cocci (round), bacilli (rods) and spirilla (spiral)
what are the 3 forms of bacteria?
diplo- (duplexes); staphylo- (clusters); strepto- (chains)
what are protists?
eukaryotes with membrane bound nucleus and organelles
two main categories of protists:
protozoa and algae
what are protozoans?
heterotrophic, unicellular organisms
what are algae? main example?
photosynthetic; Euglena
what kind of algae are sometimes called multicellular?
blue, red and green
how are fungi different from plants?
all fungi are heterotrophs
how do fungi get their food?
they absorb it from the environment
how do fungi reproduce?
asexual sporulation
examples of fungi?
mushrooms, yeast and lichens
characteristics of ALL plants:
multicellular, autotrophs, photosynthetic and non-motile
what do waxy cuticles of plants do?
minimize water loss while allowing light to be transmitted
where do bryophytes live?
moist places because they have no water-conducting woody material (xylem)
what is the dominant generation of bryophytes?
gametophyte
what are the two types of bryophytes?
liverworts and mosses
what are tracheophytes?
vascular plants with xylem and phloem; they have roots and not rhizoids
what kind of symmetry do tracheophytes have?
radial
what is the dominant generation of vascular plants?
sporophytes