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PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) > Biologicals > Flashcards

Biologicals Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Is a substance produced by a living source

A

Biologic

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2
Q

Is any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin or analogous product employed for prevention, treatment, or cure of diseases in humans

A

Biologic product

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3
Q

Meaning of FDA

A

Food and Drug Administration

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4
Q

Meaning of ACIP

A

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

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5
Q

Meaning of CFR

A

Code of Federal Regulations

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6
Q

2 main types of immunity

A

Natural, Acquired

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7
Q

Natural, innate, or native immunity depends on __________, __________, and __________

A

Species immunity, Racial immunity, Individual immunity

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8
Q

Resistance developed in response to stimulus by an antigen

A

Active immunity

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9
Q

Regulates cell mediated immunity and is responsible for controlling certain bacterial and viral infections

A

T lymphocytes

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10
Q

Differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies specific to the invading antigen

A

B lymphocytes

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11
Q

Attach to the invading antigen and cause its destruction by phagocytes and the complement system

A

Antibodies/Immunoglobulin

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12
Q

Immunity conferred by an antibody produced in another host

A

Passive immunity

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13
Q

3 types of immunizing agents

A

Vaccines, Immunoglobulins, Antisera

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14
Q

5 classes of immunoglobulins

A

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

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15
Q

Type of immunoglobulin found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid; is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection

A

IgM

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16
Q

Type of immunoglobulin found in high concentrations in the mucous membranes as well as in saliva and tears

A

IgA

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17
Q

Type of immunoglobulin which exists in small amounts in the blood; is the least understood antibody

A

IgD

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18
Q

Is the most abundant type of immunoglobulin; is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections

A

IgG

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19
Q

Type of immunoglobulin associated mainly with allergic reactions; is found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes

A

IgE

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20
Q

2 types of immunoglobulin preparations available for passive immunization

A

Normal human immunoglobulin, Specific human immunoglobulin

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21
Q

Is blood serum containing polyclonal antibodies and is used to pass on passive immunity to many diseases

A

Antiserum (plural: antisera)

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22
Q

Is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Is the protective antibody against Clostridium tetani, the bacterium that causes tetanus

A

Tetanus antitoxin

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24
Q

Hepatitis A

A

Human normal immunoglobulin

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25
Q

Measles

A

Human normal immunoglobulin

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26
Q

Rabies

A

Human normal immunoglobulin/Antisera

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27
Q

Tetanus

A

Human normal immunoglobulin/Antisera

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28
Q

Mumps

A

Human normal immunoglobulin

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29
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Human specific immunoglobulin

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30
Q

Varicella

A

Human specific immunoglobulin

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31
Q

Diphtheria

A

Human specific immunoglobulin/Antisera

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32
Q

Gas gangrene

A

Antisera

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33
Q

Botulism

A

Antisera

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34
Q

Is a method of giving antigen to stimulate the immune response through active immunization

A

Vaccination

35
Q

Is an immuno-biological substance designed to produce specific protection against a given disease

A

Vaccine

36
Q

Type of vaccine made from live infectious agents without any amendment

A

Live vaccines

37
Q

The only live vaccine; made of live vaccinia cowpox virus which is not pathogenic but antigenic

A

Variola small pox vaccine

38
Q

Type of vaccine where virulent pathogenic organisms have lost their capacity to induce full-blown disease but retain their immunigenicity

A

Live attenuated vaccines

39
Q

Type of vaccine made by killing the disease-causing microbe with chemicals, heat, or radiation

A

Inactivated vaccines

40
Q

Type of vaccine used when a bacterial toxin is the main cause of illness

A

Toxoid vaccine

41
Q

Type of vaccine prepared from extracted cellular fractions

A

Polysaccharide and polypeptide vaccines

42
Q

Is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology

A

Recombinant vaccines

43
Q

Route of administration for most vaccines

A

Deep subcutaneous/Intramuscular route

44
Q

Route of administration for oral BCG vaccine

A

Oral route

45
Q

Route of administration for BCG vaccine

A

Intradermal route

46
Q

Route of administration for smallpox vaccine

A

Scarification

47
Q

Route of administration for live attenuated influenza vaccine

A

Intranasal route

48
Q

2 immunization schemes

A

Primary vaccination, Booster vaccination

49
Q

Immunization scheme which involves one dose and multiple dose vaccines

A

Primary vaccination

50
Q

Immunization scheme to maintain immunity level after it declines after some time has elapsed

A

Booster vaccination

51
Q

Cholera vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

Short period (months)

52
Q

TAB vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

2 years

53
Q

DPT vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

3-5 years

54
Q

BCG vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

5 or more years

55
Q

Yellow fever vaccine (Vaccine maintenance)

A

10 years

56
Q

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR) (Vaccine maintenance)

A

Solid immunity

57
Q

Is a system of storage and transport of vaccines at low temperature

A

Cold chain

58
Q

Vaccine most sensitive to heat, requiring storage at -20°C

A

Polio vaccine

59
Q

2 vaccines which must be stored in the freezer compartment

A

Polio vaccine, Measles vaccine

60
Q

Is a rare but dangerous complication of injection of antiserum

A

Anaphylactic shock

61
Q

Is characterized by symptoms such as fever, rash, edema, and joint pains occurring 7-12 days of injection of antiserum

A

Serum sickness

62
Q

An example of neuritic manifestation in association with the swine influenza vaccine

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

63
Q

Category of highest priority agents; organisms pose a risk to national security because they can be easily dissemination or transmitted from person-person

A

Category A

64
Q

Cause of anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

65
Q

Cause of smallpox

A

Variola virus

66
Q

Cause of plague

A

Yersinia pestis

67
Q

Cause of botulism

A

Clostridium botulinum toxin

68
Q

Cause of tularemia

A

Franciscella tularensis

69
Q

2 causes of viral hemorrhagic fever

A

Arenaviruses, Bunyaviruses

70
Q

Category of second priority agents; organisms that are moderately easy to disseminate that result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rate

A

Category B

71
Q

Is a personalized vaccine made from an individual’s own cells (either cancer cells or immune system cells)

A

Autologous tumor vaccines

72
Q

Are made from non-self cancer cells grown in the lab

A

Allogenic cancer vaccines

73
Q

3 types of cancer vaccines

A

Autologous, Allogenic, Anti-idiotypic

74
Q

2 classes of microbes targeted for vaccine production

A

Bacteria, Viruses

75
Q

Are comparatively easy to prepare, extract, and formulate in comparison to viral vaccines

A

Bacterial vaccines

76
Q

Step 1 - Viral vaccine production

A

Generation of the antigen

77
Q

Step 2 - Viral vaccine production

A

Release the antigen from its substrate

78
Q

Step 3 - Viral vaccine production

A

Purification of the antigen

79
Q

Is a sterile suspension prepared from influenza viruses propagated in chicken embryos; is the primary method for preventing influenza and its more severe complications

A

Influenza vaccine

80
Q

Date where a recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine was licensed in the US

A

July 1986

81
Q

4 formulations where the Hepatitis B is supplied in

A

Pediatric, Adolescent, Adult, Dialysis

82
Q

The measles virus isolated in 1954 is characterized as __________

A

Morbilivirus paramyxoviridae

83
Q

Also known as genetic vaccination; it is where protein antigen is delivered as DNA sequence which is taken up by the host and expressed in vivo

A

Plasmid DNA vaccines

PH 107 - Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Systems, and Medical Devices (Lec.) (10 decks)

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