Biochemistry Part 6: Organic Compounds Part 1: Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the four classes Organic Compounds are divided to?

Answer 1

Organic Compounds are divided to 4 classes: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.

Question 2

What are 3 characteristic Carbohydrates have?

Answer 2

They supply quick energy, one gram of any carbohydrate would release 4 calories of heat when burned, dietary sources: rice, pasta, and bread.

Question 3

What are the 3 classes of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

The three classes are monosaccharides, disaccharides, and poly saccharides.

Question 4

What is the formula that belongs to monosaccharides?

Answer 4

C6H12O6

Question 5

What are 3 examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 5

Glucose, Galactose, and fructose.

Question 6

What are Isomers?

Answer 6

Isomers are compounds with the same formulas, but with different structures. They also have different physical and chemical properties.

Question 7

What formula belongs to disaccharides?

Answer 7

C12H22O11

Question 8

What are disaccharides?

Answer 8

They are two monosaccharides joined by a process called dehydration synthesis.

Question 9

What are three examples of disaccharides?

Answer 9

Three examples are Maltose, Lactose, and Sucrose.

Question 10

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 10

It is the opposite of dehydration synthesis It is the breakdown of a compound with the addition of water.

Question 11

Give an example of hydrolysis.

Answer 11

Digestion.

Question 12

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6=

Answer 12

C12H22O11 + H2O

Question 13

Glucose + Glucose=

Answer 13

Maltose + Water

Question 14

Glucose + Galactose=

Answer 14

Lactose + Water

Question 15

Glucose + Fructose=

Answer 15

Sucrose + Water

Question 16

What are Polysaccharides?

Answer 16

They are polymers of Carbohydrates and a combination of many monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis.

Question 17

What are four examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 17

Three examples of polysaccharides are Cellulose, Starch, Chitin, and Glycogen.

Question 18

What polysaccharide compounds are found in Plants? What are their purposes?

Answer 18

Cellulose: Make up the plant cell wall.
Starch: The way plants store carbohydrates.

Question 19

What polysaccharide compounds are found in Animals? What are their purposes?

Answer 19

Chitin: Makes up the exoskeleton in the arthropods and the cell walls in mushrooms.
Glycogen: ‘‘Animal Starch’’, stored in the liver and the skeletal muscle.