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NPLEX I > Biochemistry- Nutritional Chemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry- Nutritional Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin B1 is known as what?

A

Thiamin

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2
Q

Vitamin B2 is known as what?

A

Riboflavin

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3
Q

Vitamin B3 is known as what?

A

Niacin/ nicotinic acid

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4
Q

Vitamin B5 is known as what?

A

Pantothenic acid

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5
Q

Vitamin B6 is known as what?

A

Pyridoxine

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6
Q

Vitamin B12 is known as what?

A

Cobalamin

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7
Q

What is the active form of B1/thiamin called?

A

Thiamin pyrophosphate

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8
Q

Vitamin B1 requires what mineral?

A

magnesium

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9
Q

Transketolase in the hexose shunt requires what vitamin?

A

Thiamin/ B1

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10
Q

Oxidative carboxylation in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex needs what vitamin?

A

B1/ thiamin

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11
Q

Where is B1 absorbed?

A

jejunum

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12
Q

FAD and FMN are active constituents of what vitamin?

A

B2- Riboflavin

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13
Q

Where is riboflavin absorbed?

A

Duodenum/Jejunum

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14
Q

What vitamins are used in oxidation-reduction reactions/ electron transfer reactions (dehydrogenase enzymes)

A

B3 and B2 (niacin and riboflavin)

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15
Q

What form of niacin is used in synthesis pathways?

A

NADPH

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16
Q

NAD and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of what vitamin?

A

B3/Niacin

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17
Q

What amino acid can form niacin?

A

Tryptophan

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18
Q

What is the active form of pantothenic acid/B5?

A

Coenzyme A

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19
Q

Where is B5/Pantothenic acid absorbed?

A

Intestinal mucosa/ brush border

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20
Q

Which vitamin is essential for reactions using CoA?

A

B5

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21
Q

Pyridoxal phosphate is the active form of what vitamin?

A

B6/ pyridoxine

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22
Q

What mineral is needed to activate B6?

A

magnesium

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23
Q

What vitamin plays a role in transamination reactions?

A

B6

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24
Q

Which vitamin is essential for nucleotide synthesis and for single carbon transfers?

A

Folic Acid

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25
Q

What vitamin serves as CO2 carrier in carboxylation reactions?

A

Biotin

26
Q

What vitamin is needed as a cofactor to activate folic acid?

A

Cobalamin/ B12

27
Q

What is the first active form of B12?

A

Methylcobolamine

28
Q

List some of the biochemical activities of Vitamin C

A

reducing agent
cofactor for hydroxylation reactions eg. proline, dopamine and NE/Epi synthesis
carnitine synthesis,
Enhances Iron mobilization, Bile acid formation
influence on cholesterol metabolism

29
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin A in the blood?

A

Retinol

30
Q

What i the active form of Vitamin A in the eyes?

A

Retinal

31
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin A in epithelial cells?

A

Retinoic acid

32
Q

Beta carotene is a precursor to what vitamin?

A

Vitamin A

33
Q

What is the storage form of Vitamin A in the liver?

A

Retinyl palmitate

34
Q

Where is vitamin A absorbed?

A

Lumen of SI

35
Q

Which of the active forms of Vitamin D increases serum calcium?

A

1, 25 di(OH)D

36
Q

Which of the active forms of Vitamin D lowers serum calcium?

A

24, 25 di(OH)D

37
Q

Where are the inactive metabolites of vitamin D converted into an active form?

A

kidney

38
Q

Which hormone plays a role in activating Vitamin D?

A

PTH

39
Q

Where is Vitamin E stored?

A

adipose tissue (fat soluble)

40
Q

What converts 7-hydroxycholesterol into cholecalciferol?

A

sunlight on the skin

41
Q

What vitamin is required for the biosynthesis of clotting factors?

A

Vitamin K

42
Q

Which vitamin is a cofactor in post synthetic modification of proteins via carboxylation reaction, which allows for the chelation of Calcium?

A

Vitamin K

43
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin K?

A

Hydroxyquinone

44
Q

Which mineral is important for energy producing reactions?

A

Phosphorous

45
Q

The production of osteocalcin is dependent on what vitamin?

A

Vitamin K

46
Q

What mineral is important for clotting?

A

Calcium

47
Q

This mineral, once it is attached to a substance, traps it inside a cell

A

Phosphorous

48
Q

All the reactions using ATP use this mineral as a cofactor

A

Magnesium

49
Q

This mineral is a constituent of DNA and RNA

A

Phosphorous

50
Q

The mineral activates a number of B Vitamins

A

magnesium

51
Q

Which mineral is the most abundant intracellularly?

A

Potassium

52
Q

What mineral is in cytochromes?

A

Iron

53
Q

Which mineral is an insulin co-factor?

A

Chromium

54
Q

Which mineral is a part of glutathione peroxidase?

A

selenium

55
Q

Which mineral is a part of Vitamin B12?

A

cobalt

56
Q

Which mineral is needed for cholesterol synthesis?

A

Manganese

57
Q

What is in blood transport of iron?

A

Transferrin

58
Q

What is the main storage of iron?

A

Ferritin

59
Q

What stores excess iron?

A

Hemosiderin

60
Q

What substance is protective in that it keeps iron away from bacteria?

A

Lactoferrin

NPLEX I (22 decks)

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