Biochemistry- Clinical and General

Question 1

What are 3 sources of glucose in the body?

Answer 1

gluconeogenesis, dietary, glycogen breakdown

Question 2

How is glucose transported in the body?

Answer 2

freely in the blood

Question 3

Glycogen is formed in all tissues, but especially in which 3?

Answer 3

liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle

Question 4

Complete oxidation means what?

Answer 4

The complete breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins or fatty acids into ATP, Co2 and H2O

Question 5

Incomplete oxidation or anaerobic glycolysis forms what substance?

Answer 5

lactate

Question 6

Excess glucose is converted into what?

Answer 6

fatty acids, especially in adipose and liver tissue

Question 7

what are two sources of triglycerides?

Answer 7

diet

synthesis by liver and mucosal cells of the intestine

Question 8

How are dietary triglycerides transported?

Answer 8

chylomicrons

Question 9

How do triglycerides travel from the liver into the blood?

Answer 9

VLDL

Question 10

T/F: triglycerides can cross membranes

Answer 10

False, they need lipoprotein to cross membranes

Question 11

What kinds of bonds does lipoprotein lipase break?

Answer 11

Ester bonds

Question 12

What is the fate of triglycerides?

Answer 12

Get broken down by lipoprotein lipase and FFAs are released

Question 13

How are FFAs transported?

Answer 13

with albumin in the blood

Question 14

What are 2 sources of blood cholesterol?

Answer 14

Diet and liver synthesis

Question 15

Glucokinase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase are found in which biochemical pathway?

Answer 15

glycolysis

Question 16

Which enzyme, when activated, allows acetyl-CoA to be used for gluconeogenesis?

Answer 16

Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 17

Which enzyme, when activated, allows acetyl-CoA to be used for ATP production?

Answer 17

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 18

Glucose-6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, pyruvate carboxykinase are found in what pathway?

Answer 18

gluconeogenesis

Question 19

Carnitine is found in which pathway?

Answer 19

Lipolysis/ Beta oxidation

Question 20

Palitoyl-CoA is found in which pathway?

Answer 20

Lipogenesis

Question 21

malonyl-CoA is found in which pathway?

Answer 21

Lipogenesis

Question 22

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is found in which pathway?

Answer 22

Lipogenesis

Question 23

Ubiquinone and cytochromes are found in which pathway?

Answer 23

electron transport chain

Question 24

Citrate lyase is found in which pathway?

Answer 24

lipogenesis

Question 25

Delta-6 desaturase is found in which pathway?

Answer 25

Eicosanoid production (Series 1, 3)

Question 26

Phospholipase A2 is found in which pathway?

Answer 26

eicosanoid production from arachadonic acid (releases AA from membranes)

Question 27

Cyclooxygenase is found in which pathway?

Answer 27

prostaglandin and thromboxane 2 synthesis

Question 28

HMG-CoA reductase is found in which pathway?

Answer 28

cholesterol synthesis

Question 29

7-alpha hydroxylase is found in which pathway?

Answer 29

bile synthesis

Question 30

Mevalonate is found in which pathway?

Answer 30

cholesterol or CoQ10 synthesis