Anatomy- Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?
the cerebral aqueduct
What divides the cerebral peduncle into an anterior and posterior part?
substantia nigra
Where would you find the graciles tubercle?
brain
How many cervical nerves are there?
8
At what level does the spinal cord end?
L2
what are the spinal nerves that are sent inferiorly from the bottom of the spinal cord?
cauda equine
What does the brain stem consist of?
medulla, pons, cerebellum, midbrain
What divides the frontal and parietal lobes?
central sulcus
What separates the frontal and temporal lobes?
lateral sulcus
What separates the cingulated gyrus from the superior frontal gyrus?
The cingulate gyrus
What separates the cingulate gyrus from the corpus callosum?
callosal gyrus
What composes the diencephalons?
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus
What part of the spinal cord contains the nerve bodies?
gray matter
What part of the spinal cord contains the somatic cell bodies and have motor functions?
ventral/anterior horn
What part of the spinal cord contains visceral cell bodies?
Lateral horn
What part of the spinal cord contains the interconnecting fiber tract system of the nerves?
White matter
what part of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of the neuron and have sensory functions?
dorsal horn
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
What is the general function of the frontal lobe?
Motor function
What is the general function of the parietal lobe?
somatosensory
What is the general function of the occipital lobe?
visual
What is the general function of the temporal lobe?
auditory
From superior to inferior, what is the flow of CSF through the ventricles?
Lateral–> Third–> Fourth
From outside to inside, what are the layers of the meninges?
Dura mater–> arachnoid mater–> Pia mater
What kinds of nerves are found in the dorsal rami?
afferent sensory nerves
What kinds of nerves are found in the ventral rami?
eferrent motor
What are the spinal levels of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Brainstem, C1, S2, 3, 4
What are the spinal levels of the sympathetic nervous system?
T1-L3
What makes up grey substance?
neuronal cell bodies and synapses
What makes up white substance?
ascending and descending fiber pathways
Where is the primary sensory cortex located?
postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex
In what tract do pain and temperature sensation travel?
lateral spinothalamic tract
In what tract does light touch sensation travel?
anterior spinothalamic tract
In what tract do proprioception, stereognosis, barognosis and 2-point discrimination travel?
gracilis and cuneatus fasiculi
Where do the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts decussate?
at the level of the spinal cord at which they entered
Where do gracilis and cuneate fasiculi decussate?
in the medulla
Which tract is concerned with subconscious perception i.e. muscle position?
spinocerebellar tract
Where does the reticular formation take place?
medulla
Where are the reflex centers located? (cardiac/respiratory/vasomotor…)
medulla
What cranial nerves have their nuclei of origin in the pons?
CN 5, 6, 7, 8
What cranial nerves have their nuclei or origin in the medulla?
CN 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Where are the superior cerebellar peduncles located?
Pons
Where is the substantia nigra located?
Messencephalon
What part of the brain regulates the emotional state?
limbic system
In what part of the brain do we consolidate short term memory into long term memory?
hippocampus
In what part of the brain do we find conditioned fear?
Amygdala
Stimulation of this part of the brain causes euphoria
Septum
Where is dopamine released from?
substantia nigra
What is released from the raphe nucleus?
Serotonin
Where is norepi released from in the brain?
locus ceruleus
Which cranial nerves have parasympathetic action?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
