Anatomy- Splanchnology Flashcards
How many permanent teeth are there?
32
How many deciduous teeth are there?
20
What nerve supplies the teeth?
The superior and inferior alveolar nerve
What muscles make up the pillars of the fauces?
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal m.
What are the muscles of swallowing?
the constrictor group
What nerves innervate swallowing?
CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CN X (Vagus)
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
alter the shape of the tongue
What muscle sticks the tongue out?
genioglossus
What muscle pulls the tongue back in?
styloglossus
What muscle elevates the tongue?
palatoglossus
What muscle depresses the tongue?
hypoglossus
Which of the muscles that moves the tongue is innervated by CN X? (vagus)
Palatoglossus
What nerve innervates most of the motor actions of the tongue?
CN XII Hypoglossal nerve
What innervates touch of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve CN V
What innervates taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
CN VII Facial nerve, Chordatympani branch
What innervates touch and taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
What innervates touch and taste for the epiglottis?
CN X (Vagus)
What glandular duct opens at the level of the 2nd maxillary molars?
parotid gland
What bone to the top teeth attach to?
Maxilla
What do the tensor palati and elevator palati do?
raise and tauten the soft palate
Which muscle elevates the larynx?
Stylopharyngeus
What does palatopharyngeus muscle do?
depresses the soft palate, puts tongue to mouth
What does the salpingopharyngeus muscle do?
opens the auditory tube
What nerve innervates the upper 1/3 of the straite muscle of the esophagus?
CN X Vagus
Where does peristalsis occur in the esophagus?
Inferior 2/3
What passes through the diaphragm?
the esophagus, the aorta and the inferior vena cava
What organs are retroperitoneal?
duodenum, ascending and descending colon, kidney, pancreas (partially)
Describe the musculature of the stomach from the inside out
Internal- oblique
Middle- circular
Outer- longitudinal
What artery supplies the stomach
the celiac via the L and R gastric arteries
The greater curvature of the stomach is supplied by which arteries?
R and L gastroepiploic arteries
The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by which arteries?
R and L gastric arteries
What are 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
left gastric, common hepatic, splenic
What organs receive blood from the celiac trunk?
Liver, Stomach, Spleen
What are the 3 main veins that drain into the portal vein?
Splenic, Superior and Inferior mesenteric
What kind of nerves are splanchnic nerves?
sympathetics
What action of the spastic nerves have on the stomach?
decrease peristalsis and acid secretion
What provides the parasympathetics to the stomach?
Vagus nerve, CN X
What action to parasympathetics have on the stomach?
increase peristalsis and acid secretion
What veins drain the stomach?
gastric vein, which drains into the portal vein
How do pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum?
through the duodenal papilla
Which part of the small intestine does the most absorption?
Jejunum
Which part of the SI has the larger diameter, larger villi and longer vasa recta?
Jejunum
Which part of the SI has more arterial arcades and more peyers patches?
The ileum
What artery supplies the SI?
Superior mesenteric
What vessel drains the SI?
superior mesenteric vein?
What is the lymphatic drainage that carries fat from the GI called?
lacteals
Where does the lacteal transport fat to?
to the thoracic duct
What are the thickened bands of longitudinal smooth muscle of the large intestine called?
Teniae coli
What are the pouches of colon called?
Haustra
Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?
ascending and descending portions
What vascular beds in the anus can cause internal hemorrhages?
rectal venous plexus
What nerve innervates the skeletal muscle of the external anal sphincter?
pudendal nerve
What parts of the large intestine does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
ileocecal area, ascending colon, 1/2 of transverse colon
What parts of the large intestine does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
1/2 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
What are three areas of concern for varicosities?
Esophagus, anal canal, umbilicus
Where do parasympathetics that supply the large intestine come from?
S2,3,4 and pelvic splanchnics
What bones make up the nasal aperture?
Nasa, maxilla, Frontal
What makes up the nasal septum?
Vomer, septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethnic bone
What sinus drains the nasal cavity?
Maxillary sinus
Which meatus contains openings of maxillary and ethnical sinuses?
middle meatus
What makes up the lateral walls of the nose?
The conchae
Which conch is a separate bone and contains erectile tissue?
inferior concha
What are the 4 sinuses?
Sphenoid, Frontal, Maxillary, Ethmoid
What arteries supply the nose?
ant and posterior ethmoidal from the ophthalmic artery
sphenopalatine and greater palatine from the maxillary artery
What nerve makes mouth, eyes and nose wet?
Facial nerve, CN VII
What is the hay fever ganglion?
Pterygopalatine ganglion, mandibular division of the CN V trigeminal nerve
What nerve smells?
CN I Olfactory
What is the working cartilage of the larynx?
Arytenoid
What cartilage sits atop the arytenoid cartilage?
corniculate cartilage
The thyroid cartilage attaches to which cartilage?
Cricoid
Which muscles close the epiglottis?
Aryepiglottis
Thyroepiglottis, oblique arytenoid
What is the space between the vocal cords?
Rima glottidis or glottis
Which muscles are involved in vocalization?
Posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoid
Which muscle lengthens and thus causes a lower pitch?
cricothyroid
Which muscle shortens and thus causes a higher pitch?
Thyroarytenoid and vocalis muscles
What nerve innervates motor to the cricothyroid?
superior laryngeal nerve
What nerve innervates the remaining laryngeal muscles?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the overall source of the nerves to the larynx?
CN X, Vagus
Foreign objects are more likely to get caught in which lung?
Right lung, because it has a straighter path
What adheres the lung to the thoracic cage, diaphragm and pericardium?
Parietal pleura
What is the thin layer over the lung called?
visceral pleura
What is it called when you have a loss of vacuum between the visceral and parietal pleura?
pneumothorax
What carries blood from the aorta to the lung tissue?
Bronchial artery
What carries blood from the lung tissue to azygous veins?
Bronchial vein
What carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the alveoli?
Pulmonary artery
What carries oxygenated blood from the alveoli to the left atrium?
pulmonary vein
What is the location of passage of bronchi, blood vessels and nerves?
the hilum of the lung
Which lung has a horizontal fissure?
Right
The cardiac notch is found in which lung?
Left
What is the projection of the upper lobe of the left lung called?
Lingula
What nerve innervates the lungs?
Vagus CN X
What constricts the bronchioles?
parasympathetics
What dilates the bronchioles?
sympathetics
What is in the anterior mediastinum?
Thymus gland
What is in the middle mediastinum?
heart, pericardium
What is in the posterior mediastinum?
esophagus, descending aorta, axygos veins, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk
What is in the superior mediastinum?
aortic arch, brachiocephalic veins, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve
What rib bisects the kidney?
Rib 12
The kidneys are located between which spinal levels?
T11-L3
What is the pathway for blood through the kidney?
Abdominal aorta–> renal arteries–> interlobar arteries–> arcuate arteries–> interlobular arteries–> afferent arterioles–> efferent arterioles–> stellate veins–> interlobular veins–> arcuate veins–> interlobar veins–> renal veins–> inferior vena cava
What is the flow of filtrate through the nephron?
glomerulus–> bowmans capsule–> proximal tubule–> loop of henle–> distal tubule–> collecting duct–> renal pelvis
What is the muscle of the bladder?
Detrusor muscle
What is the trigone?
The 2 ureteric orifices, the Opening for the urethra
What nerve controls the voluntary external urethral sphincter?
Pudendal nerve S 2, 3, 4
What effect does parasympathetics have on the bladder?
Contracts the detrusor, inhibits/relaxes the internal sphincter
Where effect does sympathetics have on the bladder?
relax the detrusor, activate the internal sphincter
Where does the bladder get its blood supply?
internal iliac artery
What are part of the tubule system of the testes?
seminiferous tubules –> rete testes –> efferent ductules–> epididymis
What structure passes through the inguinal canal?
ductus deferens
How does the prostate secrete its fluids into the urethra?
Through the prostatic duct
What is embedded in the external urethral sphincter?
bulbourethral glands
Ductus deference joins with the duct from seminars vesicles to form what?
the ejaculatory duct
What are the three parts of the urethra?
Prostatic, membranous, penile/spongy
What fills with blood during an erection?
corpus cavernosum
What artery is responsible for an erection?
Helicene artery
The crus penis is a part of what erectile tissue?
the corpus cavernosum
The glans penis is part of what erectile tissue?
the corpus spongiosum
What ligament holds ovaries to the lateral wall?
suspensory ligaments
What attaches ovaries of the uterus?
ovarian ligament
What is the name for the peritoneum that draws the uterus, uterine tubes and ovaries?
Broad ligament
What is the part of the broad ligament that covers the uterine tubes?
Mesosalpinx
What is the part of the broad ligament that covers the ovary?
Mesovarium
What are the names of the structures from the ovary to the uterus?
Fimbriae–> infundibulum–> ampulla–> isthmus
Where does fertilization take place most often?
in the ampulla
What ligament suspends the uterus and anchors the labia majora via the inguinal canal?
Round ligament
What female glands are homologous to the prostate gland?
Paraurethral glands
At what position on the clock are the paraurethral glands?
2 and 10 o’clock
At what position on the clock are Bartholins glands?
4 and 8 o’clock
What muscle raises the pelvic floor, supports pelvic viscera and controls defecations via elevation of the anal canal?
levator ani
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
Right, Left, Quadrate, Caudate
What tunnels through the liver to collect filtered blood?
Inferior vena cava
What does the hepatic triad consist of?
hepatic artery, vein and bile canaliculi
Where does the liver tissue get its blood from?
Hepatic artery from the celiac trunk
What separates the right from the left lobe of the liver?
falciform ligament
What attaches the liver to the abdominal wall?
Round ligament
What is the name of the transverse fissure where ducts and vessels enter and leave the liver on the visceral surface between the caudate and quadrate lobes?
Porta Hepatica
What are two sources of blood for the liver?
Hepatic artery, Portal vein
What separates the quadrate lobe of the liver from the left lobe on the visceral surface?
the ligament teres
What sits in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella truck of the sphenoid bones?
the pituitary gland
What is located posterior to the thalamus and superior to the midbrain of the brainstem?
Pineal gland
What is the body’s largest endocrine gland?
the Thyroid
Describe the location of the thyroid by bony landmarks?
Located between C5 and T1 levels, on the anterior of the body below the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
How many parathyroid glands do you usually have?
4
What are the two layers of the adrenal gland?
Cortex, Medulla
What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?
Glomerulosa
Fasiculata
Reticularis
What cells produce catecholamines in the adrenal glands?
Chromaffin cells
In what chamber are the SA and AV nodes
Right atria
Where does blood from the cardiac veins flow?
Through the coronary sinus into the right atrium
What work together to prevent tricuspid and mitral valves from buckling open?
chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
When do coronary arteries fill?
during diastole blood backs up and fills up the semilunar valves of the aortic valve, entering the coronaries
What forms the first heart sound?
closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves
What forms the second heart sound?
closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves
