Anatomy- Osteology and Arthrology Flashcards
What U-shaped bone lies at the level of C3?
Hyoid
What bones make up the auditory ossicles?
Malleus, Uncus, Stapes
What bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate?
Palatine bones
What prominence on the mandible forms the prominence of the chin?
Mental Protuberance
What nerve passes through the mandibular foramen?
Inferior alveolar nerve
What bone forms the posterior part of the nasal septum?
Vomer
What suture separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones?
Coronal suture
What is the easily palpable, external occipital protuberance on the medial plane between the inferior and superior nuchal lines of the occiput?
The inion
What is contained within the intervertabral foramen?
Spinal nerves
Intervertebral artery, vein, lymphatic channels
Adipose tissue
Peripheral nerve roots and meningeal sleeves
What vessels and nerves pass through the intervertebral foramen?
Intervertebral artery, veins, lymphatic channels, spinal nerves
What exits through the stylomastoid foramen?
The facial nerve
What passes through the mandibular foramen?
Inferior alveolar vessels and nerves
What passes through the mental foramen?
The mental nerve (branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve) and the mental artery
What passes through the foramen rotundum?
The maxillary nerve (V2, division of the trigeminal nerve)
What passes through the foramen ovale, located on the sphenoid bone?
The mandibular nerve (V3, division of the trigenimal nerve)
What passes through the supraorbital foramen?
The supraorbital nerve (A branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve)
What passes through the infraorbital foramen?
The infraorbital nerve (a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n)
What passes through the transverse foramen?
the vertebral artery
What passes through the optic canal?
optic nerve (CN II) Opthalmic artery
What makes up a typical vertebra?
Vertebral body
2 pedicles
2 lamina
2 TPs, 4 articular processes, 1 SP
Which are the true/movable vertebrae?
cervicals, Thoracics, lumbars
What are the false/fixed vertebrae?
sacrum, coccyx
What forms the boundary for the intervertebral foramen?
Superior and inferior vertebral notch
Where does head flexion take place?
Between the atlas and the occiput
Where does head rotation take place?
Between the atlas and the axis
What ligament spans the inside of the vertebral foramen on the posterior side?
ligamentum flavum
Which of the cervical vertebrae are atypical?
C1, C2, C7
Which of the thoracic vertebrae are atypical?
T1, 9, 10, 11, 12
Which of the lumbar vertebrae are atypical?
L5
Which sections of the spine make up the primary curve of the spine?
Thoracic and pelvic curves (kyphotic)
Which sections of the spine make up the secondary curve of the spine?
cervical, lumbar (lordosis)
What type of curve is the lordotic curve?
secondary
What type of curve is the kyphotic curve?
primary
How many true ribs are there?
7
What constitutes a true rib?
The first 7 ribs that are attached to the sternum by their own costal cartilage
Which ribs are called vertebrochondral ribs?
Ribs 8, 9, 10
Which ribs are typical ribs?
Ribs 3-9
What constitutes a typical rib?
Contain a head, tubercle ad shaft
Which is the most curved, broadest and shortest rib?
Rib 1
Which ribs have only one facet each on their heads?
Ribs 10 and 12
What structure gives elasticity to the thoracic wall?
costal cartilage
What part of the sternum lies at the level of T3/T4?
Manubrium
What portion of the sternum lies at the level of T10?
Xyphoid
What joint forms the junction of the xiphoid and the the sternum?
Xiphisternal joint
What are the three angles of the scapula?
Inferior, superior and lateral angles
What are the 4 fossa on the scapula?
supraspinatous fossa
infraspinatous fossa
subscapular fossa
glenoid cavity
What are the 2 tubercles on the scapula that are superior and inferior of the glenoid cavity?
supraglenoid tubercle
infraglenoid tubercle
What lateral continuation of the spine of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?
Acromion
What 2 ligaments make up the capsular ligaments of the shoulder?
coracohumeral ligament
glenohumeral ligament
What is the chief bracing ligament of the lacrimal end of the clavicle?
coracoclavicular ligament
What ligament prevents superior displacement of the humeral head?
coracoacromial
What provides main stability for the glenohumeral joint?
rotator cuff tendons
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis
What ligament of the elbow does the ulnar nerve pass through?
The ulnar collateral ligament
What ligament holds the head of the radius in position in the proximal radioulnar joint?
annular ligament
The radius articulates with which 3 carpal bones?
scaphoid, lunate, triquetral
What ligament attaches to the ulnar styloid process and the radius to provide support for the distal radioulnar joint and preventing the ulna from touching the wrist joint?
articular disc
Which bone of the forearm takes on the weight bearing function in the wrist?
radius
Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the knee?
ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
Which ligament prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia?
ACL
Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia?
Posterior cruciate ligament
Which of the collateral ligaments is attached to the menisci in the knee?
The medial meniscus is attached to the tibial/medial collateral ligament
Which ligaments of the knee limit side to side movement?
collateral ligaments
Which bursa of the knee facilitates full flexion and extension?
suprapatellar
Which bursa of the knee is associated with house maids knee?
subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
Which bursa is associated with clergyman knee?
subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
What bones are joined by the spring ligament?
calcaneous and navicular (medial foot)
What ligament prevents the talus from wedging bones apart?
the spring ligament
The ankle/talocrural joint is supported by what ligament on the medial side?
the deltoid ligament
What ligaments support the lateral aspect of the talocrural/ankle joint?
Anterior, posterior talofibular ligaments, calcaneofibular ligaments
During what movement is the ankle most unstable?
during plantarflexion
Which ligaments are most likely to be injured with forced inversion?
anterior, posterior talofibular ligaments, calcaneofibular ligaments
Which of the talofibular ligaments is least likely to tear?
posterior talofibular lig
Inversion and eversion of the ankle occurs at which joints?
talocalcaneonavicular joint
talocalcaneal joint
What ligament supports the longitudinal arch?
spring ligament
What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?
tibiofibular joint
What is an example of a plane/gliding/arthrodial joint?
acromioclavicular, calcaneocuboidal, carpometacarpal, intercarpals
What is an example of a hinge joint?
elbow, talocrural, interphalageal, mandible, knee
What is an example of a condylar joint?
Metacarpophalangeal
What is an example of a ball and socket joint?
Hip, Shoulder
What is an example of an ellipsoidal joint?
Wrist
What is an example of a pivot/trochoid joint?
distal radio/ulnar, atlas/axis
What is an example of a saddle joint?
carpometacarpo joint of the thumb (between trapezius and MC1)
What is an example of a symphysis joint?
pubis symphysis
What are the articular surfaces involved in TMJ?
Head of condylar process of the mandible, articulates with the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone
What ligament limits posterior movement of the TMJ?
lateral temperomandibular ligament
What muscles open the mouth?
digastric, lateral pterygoid
What muscles close the mouth?
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
What penetrates the atlanto-occipital membrane?
1st cervical nerve, vertebral artery
What ligament holds the dens in ventral position?
cruciform lig
What ligament prevents full rotation of the head?
alar ligament
What ligament is found on the dorsal surface of the inside of the vertebral foramen?
ligamentum flavum
What ligaments join tips of vertebral spines?
supraspinous ligs
What ligaments span between vertebral spines?
interspinous ligs
How many articulations are there between typical rib and vertebrae?
3
head of rib articulates with 2 vertebral bodies
tubercle on neck of rib articulates with 1 TVP
What is an example of a synchondrosis type of joint?
1st rib abd sternum
sternomanubrial joint
What ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity?
the patellar ligament
Where is the 1st intervertebral disc found?
Between C2 and C3
Which fingers have sesamoid bones?
1, 2, 5
Which toe has sesamoid bones?
Big toe (hallucis)
Ligament of the head of the femur is also known as what?
Ligamentum teres
The inion is associated with which bone?
occiput
Which bone of the skull has the styloid process?
the temporal bone
How many true ribs are there?
7
How many floating ribs are there?
2
Superior displacement of the humerus will likely damage what ligament?
the acromioclavicular ligament
What part of a rib articulates with the TVP?
the tubercle on the neck of the rib
What part of a rib forms two attachments with the vertebral body?
the head of the rib
What ligament is involved with the head of the rib connecting with the vertebral body?
the radiate ligament
What type of joint is a cranial suture?
synarthroid
What bones make up the hard palate?
palatine bone
maxilla
What type of joint forms the fibrous union between the radius and the ulna?
syndesmosis joint
What type of joint do you find in the inter metacarpal joint?
planar joint
What type of joint forms the elbow joint?
Hinge
What type of joint makes up the knee joint?
Condylar
The head of the femur fitting into the acetabulum in the hip forms what kind of joint?
Ellipsoidal
Fibrous joints that are either immovable or barely movable are classified as what type of joint?
synarthroses
What type of joint is united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage?
cartilagenous joint
What type of joint is united by an articular capsule and allows free motion in at least one axis?
synovial or diarthrodial joint
