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NPLEX I > Anatomy- Osteology and Arthrology > Flashcards

Anatomy- Osteology and Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What U-shaped bone lies at the level of C3?

A

Hyoid

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2
Q

What bones make up the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, Uncus, Stapes

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3
Q

What bone forms the posterior portion of the hard palate?

A

Palatine bones

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4
Q

What prominence on the mandible forms the prominence of the chin?

A

Mental Protuberance

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5
Q

What nerve passes through the mandibular foramen?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

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6
Q

What bone forms the posterior part of the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

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7
Q

What suture separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

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8
Q

What is the easily palpable, external occipital protuberance on the medial plane between the inferior and superior nuchal lines of the occiput?

A

The inion

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9
Q

What is contained within the intervertabral foramen?

A

Spinal nerves
Intervertebral artery, vein, lymphatic channels
Adipose tissue
Peripheral nerve roots and meningeal sleeves

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10
Q

What vessels and nerves pass through the intervertebral foramen?

A

Intervertebral artery, veins, lymphatic channels, spinal nerves

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11
Q

What exits through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

The facial nerve

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12
Q

What passes through the mandibular foramen?

A

Inferior alveolar vessels and nerves

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13
Q

What passes through the mental foramen?

A

The mental nerve (branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve) and the mental artery

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14
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

The maxillary nerve (V2, division of the trigeminal nerve)

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15
Q

What passes through the foramen ovale, located on the sphenoid bone?

A

The mandibular nerve (V3, division of the trigenimal nerve)

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16
Q

What passes through the supraorbital foramen?

A

The supraorbital nerve (A branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve)

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17
Q

What passes through the infraorbital foramen?

A

The infraorbital nerve (a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal n)

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18
Q

What passes through the transverse foramen?

A

the vertebral artery

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19
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A 
optic nerve (CN II)
Opthalmic artery
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20
Q

What makes up a typical vertebra?

A

Vertebral body
2 pedicles
2 lamina
2 TPs, 4 articular processes, 1 SP

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21
Q

Which are the true/movable vertebrae?

A

cervicals, Thoracics, lumbars

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22
Q

What are the false/fixed vertebrae?

A

sacrum, coccyx

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23
Q

What forms the boundary for the intervertebral foramen?

A

Superior and inferior vertebral notch

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24
Q

Where does head flexion take place?

A

Between the atlas and the occiput

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25
Q

Where does head rotation take place?

A

Between the atlas and the axis

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26
Q

What ligament spans the inside of the vertebral foramen on the posterior side?

A

ligamentum flavum

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27
Q

Which of the cervical vertebrae are atypical?

A

C1, C2, C7

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28
Q

Which of the thoracic vertebrae are atypical?

A

T1, 9, 10, 11, 12

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29
Q

Which of the lumbar vertebrae are atypical?

A

L5

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30
Q

Which sections of the spine make up the primary curve of the spine?

A

Thoracic and pelvic curves (kyphotic)

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31
Q

Which sections of the spine make up the secondary curve of the spine?

A

cervical, lumbar (lordosis)

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32
Q

What type of curve is the lordotic curve?

A

secondary

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33
Q

What type of curve is the kyphotic curve?

A

primary

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34
Q

How many true ribs are there?

A

7

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35
Q

What constitutes a true rib?

A

The first 7 ribs that are attached to the sternum by their own costal cartilage

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36
Q

Which ribs are called vertebrochondral ribs?

A

Ribs 8, 9, 10

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37
Q

Which ribs are typical ribs?

A

Ribs 3-9

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38
Q

What constitutes a typical rib?

A

Contain a head, tubercle ad shaft

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39
Q

Which is the most curved, broadest and shortest rib?

A

Rib 1

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40
Q

Which ribs have only one facet each on their heads?

A

Ribs 10 and 12

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41
Q

What structure gives elasticity to the thoracic wall?

A

costal cartilage

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42
Q

What part of the sternum lies at the level of T3/T4?

A

Manubrium

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43
Q

What portion of the sternum lies at the level of T10?

A

Xyphoid

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44
Q

What joint forms the junction of the xiphoid and the the sternum?

A

Xiphisternal joint

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45
Q

What are the three angles of the scapula?

A

Inferior, superior and lateral angles

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46
Q

What are the 4 fossa on the scapula?

A

supraspinatous fossa
infraspinatous fossa
subscapular fossa
glenoid cavity

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47
Q

What are the 2 tubercles on the scapula that are superior and inferior of the glenoid cavity?

A

supraglenoid tubercle

infraglenoid tubercle

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48
Q

What lateral continuation of the spine of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?

A

Acromion

49
Q

What 2 ligaments make up the capsular ligaments of the shoulder?

A

coracohumeral ligament

glenohumeral ligament

50
Q

What is the chief bracing ligament of the lacrimal end of the clavicle?

A

coracoclavicular ligament

51
Q

What ligament prevents superior displacement of the humeral head?

A

coracoacromial

52
Q

What provides main stability for the glenohumeral joint?

A

rotator cuff tendons

53
Q

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis

54
Q

What ligament of the elbow does the ulnar nerve pass through?

A

The ulnar collateral ligament

55
Q

What ligament holds the head of the radius in position in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

annular ligament

56
Q

The radius articulates with which 3 carpal bones?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral

57
Q

What ligament attaches to the ulnar styloid process and the radius to provide support for the distal radioulnar joint and preventing the ulna from touching the wrist joint?

A

articular disc

58
Q

Which bone of the forearm takes on the weight bearing function in the wrist?

A

radius

59
Q

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the knee?

A

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)

60
Q

Which ligament prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia?

A

ACL

61
Q

Which ligament prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

62
Q

Which of the collateral ligaments is attached to the menisci in the knee?

A

The medial meniscus is attached to the tibial/medial collateral ligament

63
Q

Which ligaments of the knee limit side to side movement?

A

collateral ligaments

64
Q

Which bursa of the knee facilitates full flexion and extension?

A

suprapatellar

65
Q

Which bursa of the knee is associated with house maids knee?

A

subcutaneous prepatellar bursa

66
Q

Which bursa is associated with clergyman knee?

A

subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

67
Q

What bones are joined by the spring ligament?

A

calcaneous and navicular (medial foot)

68
Q

What ligament prevents the talus from wedging bones apart?

A

the spring ligament

69
Q

The ankle/talocrural joint is supported by what ligament on the medial side?

A

the deltoid ligament

70
Q

What ligaments support the lateral aspect of the talocrural/ankle joint?

A

Anterior, posterior talofibular ligaments, calcaneofibular ligaments

71
Q

During what movement is the ankle most unstable?

A

during plantarflexion

72
Q

Which ligaments are most likely to be injured with forced inversion?

A

anterior, posterior talofibular ligaments, calcaneofibular ligaments

73
Q

Which of the talofibular ligaments is least likely to tear?

A

posterior talofibular lig

74
Q

Inversion and eversion of the ankle occurs at which joints?

A

talocalcaneonavicular joint

talocalcaneal joint

75
Q

What ligament supports the longitudinal arch?

A

spring ligament

76
Q

What is an example of a syndesmosis joint?

A

tibiofibular joint

77
Q

What is an example of a plane/gliding/arthrodial joint?

A

acromioclavicular, calcaneocuboidal, carpometacarpal, intercarpals

78
Q

What is an example of a hinge joint?

A

elbow, talocrural, interphalageal, mandible, knee

79
Q

What is an example of a condylar joint?

A

Metacarpophalangeal

80
Q

What is an example of a ball and socket joint?

A

Hip, Shoulder

81
Q

What is an example of an ellipsoidal joint?

A

Wrist

82
Q

What is an example of a pivot/trochoid joint?

A

distal radio/ulnar, atlas/axis

83
Q

What is an example of a saddle joint?

A

carpometacarpo joint of the thumb (between trapezius and MC1)

84
Q

What is an example of a symphysis joint?

A

pubis symphysis

85
Q

What are the articular surfaces involved in TMJ?

A

Head of condylar process of the mandible, articulates with the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone

86
Q

What ligament limits posterior movement of the TMJ?

A

lateral temperomandibular ligament

87
Q

What muscles open the mouth?

A

digastric, lateral pterygoid

88
Q

What muscles close the mouth?

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

89
Q

What penetrates the atlanto-occipital membrane?

A

1st cervical nerve, vertebral artery

90
Q

What ligament holds the dens in ventral position?

A

cruciform lig

91
Q

What ligament prevents full rotation of the head?

A

alar ligament

92
Q

What ligament is found on the dorsal surface of the inside of the vertebral foramen?

A

ligamentum flavum

93
Q

What ligaments join tips of vertebral spines?

A

supraspinous ligs

94
Q

What ligaments span between vertebral spines?

A

interspinous ligs

95
Q

How many articulations are there between typical rib and vertebrae?

A

3
head of rib articulates with 2 vertebral bodies
tubercle on neck of rib articulates with 1 TVP

96
Q

What is an example of a synchondrosis type of joint?

A

1st rib abd sternum

sternomanubrial joint

97
Q

What ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

A

the patellar ligament

98
Q

Where is the 1st intervertebral disc found?

A

Between C2 and C3

99
Q

Which fingers have sesamoid bones?

A

1, 2, 5

100
Q

Which toe has sesamoid bones?

A

Big toe (hallucis)

101
Q

Ligament of the head of the femur is also known as what?

A

Ligamentum teres

102
Q

The inion is associated with which bone?

A

occiput

103
Q

Which bone of the skull has the styloid process?

A

the temporal bone

104
Q

How many true ribs are there?

A

7

105
Q

How many floating ribs are there?

A

2

106
Q

Superior displacement of the humerus will likely damage what ligament?

A

the acromioclavicular ligament

107
Q

What part of a rib articulates with the TVP?

A

the tubercle on the neck of the rib

108
Q

What part of a rib forms two attachments with the vertebral body?

A

the head of the rib

109
Q

What ligament is involved with the head of the rib connecting with the vertebral body?

A

the radiate ligament

110
Q

What type of joint is a cranial suture?

A

synarthroid

111
Q

What bones make up the hard palate?

A

palatine bone

maxilla

112
Q

What type of joint forms the fibrous union between the radius and the ulna?

A

syndesmosis joint

113
Q

What type of joint do you find in the inter metacarpal joint?

A

planar joint

114
Q

What type of joint forms the elbow joint?

A

Hinge

115
Q

What type of joint makes up the knee joint?

A

Condylar

116
Q

The head of the femur fitting into the acetabulum in the hip forms what kind of joint?

A

Ellipsoidal

117
Q

Fibrous joints that are either immovable or barely movable are classified as what type of joint?

A

synarthroses

118
Q

What type of joint is united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage?

A

cartilagenous joint

119
Q

What type of joint is united by an articular capsule and allows free motion in at least one axis?

A

synovial or diarthrodial joint

NPLEX I (22 decks)

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