Biochem 19 HY

Question 1

cellular energy transformations

Answer 1

bioenergetics

Question 2

if T3 or T4 levels are low where may the problem be occurring

Answer 2

thyroid or pituitary gland

Question 3

most common cause of angina pectoris

Answer 3

partial coronary artery blockage from atherosclerosis

Question 4

heart muscles beyond the block from an atherosclerotic plaque receive an inadequate blood flow and oxygen. when do these cells die

Answer 4

when ATP production falls too low

Question 5

pathway heart relies on for the generation of ATP? percentage of ATP used in a single heart beat

Answer 5

oxidative phosphorylation; 2%

Question 6

source of energy for cells

Answer 6

ATP

Question 7

max energy from ATP cleavage thats available to do useful work

Answer 7

delta G

Question 8

delta G for energy production must be ____ than delta G for energy requiring processes in order for it to be favored

Answer 8

greater

Question 9

where are the high energy bonds of ATP located

Answer 9

gamma and beta position of the phosphate molecules

Question 10

ATP hydrolysis is a favorable rxn because the products are more stable. what are the products

Answer 10

ADP and phosphate

Question 11

enery released from ATP hydrolysis can’t be used directly so what happens

Answer 11

enzymes transfer phosphate to intermediates of the energy requiring rxn (phosphoryl transfer reaction)

Question 12

delta G is equiv to the chemical bond energy of

Answer 12

products-reactants

Question 13

delta G value for ATP hydrolysis under standard conditions

Answer 13

-7.3kcal/mol

Question 14

reaction catalyzed by phosphoglucomutase is reversible and functions in synthesis of glycogen from glucose as well as degradation of glycogen to glucose. If the delta G for conversion of G6P to G1P is +1.65kcal/mol what is the delta G of the reverse reaction

Answer 14

-1.65kcal/mol

Question 15

equation for ratio of product concentration to substrate concentration at equilibrium

Answer 15

delta G= -RT lm[P]/[S]

Question 16

delta G value for a reaction like ATP hydrolysis that is exergonic(energy is released)

Answer 16

negative

Question 17

delta G values that are positive in the forward direction which way is the reaction favored

Answer 17

backwards

Question 18

reactions with a negative forward delta G

Answer 18

favor this reaction

Question 19

total amount of heat that can be released from changes in chemical bonds

Answer 19

change in enthalpy of the reaction

Question 20

increased disorder of the system is described in terms of

Answer 20

delta s or entropy change

Question 21

high energy phosphate bond of ATP is converted to movement by changing the conformation of a protein is an example of what type of work? ex?

Answer 21

mechanical; muscle contraction

Question 22

high energy phosphate bond of ATP is used to transport compounds against a concentration gradient describes what type of work? ex?

Answer 22

transport work; Na/K atpase pump

Question 23

how do plasma memebrane ATPases and vesicular ATPase used the chemical bond energy of ATP

Answer 23

phosphorylates transport protein and changes its conformation

Question 24

when enegy intake to the body exceeds energy expended how is the difference stored

Answer 24

as fat

Question 25

3 types of energy expenditure that the body can do

Answer 25

exercise; adaptive thermogenesis(heat generated in response to cold or diet) and obligatory expenditure amt of energy to do work in cells

Question 26

formation of chemical bonds between 2 organic molecules requires work and therefore what is the delta G value

Answer 26

positive

Question 27

for anabolic pathways like glycogen synthesis if delta G was positive intermediates of the reaction would build up how is this avoided

Answer 27

cells do biochemical work where enough ATP is used to give anabolic pathways an overall negative delta G

Question 28

in order to get the delta G for a reaction what must you add together

Answer 28

the delta G for each step of the reaction

Question 29

delta G=+1.65 for rxn of G6P–>G1P and delta G= -4 for rxn glucose +ATP–>G6P whatis the delta G for the conversion of glucose to G1P?

Answer 29

-2.35

Question 30

so that the concentration of the products is facored over that of the reactants the over all delta G must be negative and therefore the amount of ATP phosphate bond energy used…

Answer 30

must provide the pathway an overall negative delta G

Question 31

a reaction with a positive delta G can proceed forward depending on what type of substrate or product concentrations

Answer 31

substrate concentrations must be raised high or product concentration must be very low

Question 32

delta G0’ is the standard free energy change measured at what temperature and pH

Answer 32

pH=7 temp is 25 deg C