Bio107-ch8 Flashcards
Joints are
Where 2 or more bones come together
Slight to no movement or freely movable
Articulations
Joints
Structural classification
Based on MATERIALS found between bones
Functional classification
Based on MOVEMENT between bones
Fibrous joints (3)
- Not true joint
- Sutures of the skull
- Very slight motion-syndesmosis
Syndesmosis
End of tibia, fibula, wrist, ulna
Very slight movement
Cartilage is
Not a true joint
Gomphosis - cartilage
Gums locked in jaw
Synchroidrosis - cartilage
Cartilage around sternum
Symphysis - cartilage
Intervertebral discs
Slight grinding motion
Synovial joints are
True joints
Sac with fluid inside surrounding joints
Dyarthrosis
Freely moveable
Uniaxial
One plane
Biaxial
Two planes
Synovial joint fluid gets ____ the more you move around
Thinner
Waking up- stiff
Joints warm up- normal
Synovial structures (3)
- Synovial capsule
- Bursa
- Tendon sheath
Bursitis
Inflammation of bursa
Tendinitis
Inflammation of a tendon
Tenoshnovitis
Inflammation of a tendon sheath
Bursa
Pillow like joint, fluid filled
Nonaxial synovial joint
Gliding movement in no particular plane
Gliding joints
Flat articular surfaces allow least movement
Between carpals and tarsals
Uniaxial
Movement in a single plane
One motion, knee, elbow
Hinge joints
Moves up or down, right or left only
Flexion
Working muscle
Extension
Relaxing muscle
Pivot joints
One movement
Ex. Atlas and axis
Biaxial
Movement in two planes
Saddle joints
Pollex of thumb or “saddle joint” of thumb
Can move all around
Multiaxial
Movement in many planes
Hip, shoulder
Ball and socket joints
Shoulder and hip
Felxion
Joint angle DECREASES
Extension
Joints angle INCREASES
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Up and down movement of the foot
Abduction
Movement of limb AWAY FROM the body
Adduction
Movement of limb TOWARDS the body
Supination position
Palm up, cupping soup
Pronation position
Palms facing down
Inversion
Turning in
Eversion
Turning out (foot for ex)
Osteoarthritis
Cartilage at a joint wears down, with age
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune inflammatory arthritis
Severe pain, swelling, deformation of the joint
Kyphosis
Hunch back
Lordosis
Sway back
Tummy pushed out
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curve of spine