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E: BIO 107 > Bio107-ch14 > Flashcards

Bio107-ch14 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

five components of REFLEX ARCS

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Integration center
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
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2
Q

Receptor

A

site of stimulus

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3
Q

Sensory neuron

A

transmits AFFERENT impulses to the CNS

located in PNS

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4
Q

Integration center

A

only in the CNS

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5
Q

Motor neuron

A

conducts EFFERENT impulses from the integration system to an effector

goes from CNS to PNS

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6
Q

Effector

A

muscle, gland, organ
responds to efferent impulses

only in PNS

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7
Q

Afferent always has the ______

A

ganglion

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8
Q

Afferent travels

A
  1. ENTER: dorsal root
  2. dorsal root ganglion
  3. posterior horn
  4. LEAVES: anterior horn
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9
Q

Efferent enters in the

A

ventral root

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10
Q

of pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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11
Q

Plexus

A

where multiple spinal nerves integrate together

neck/shoulder, butt regions

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12
Q

Sacral plexus

A

siatic nerve, low back

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13
Q

Autonomin Pre and Postganglionic neuro transmitters and effectors

A

:)

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14
Q

Autonomic Pre and Postganglionic neuro transmitters and effectors

A

:)

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15
Q

Somatic nervous system: (2)

A
  1. Pre and Postganglionic: ACh

2. Effector: skeletal muscle

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16
Q

Sympathetic nervous system: (2)

A
  1. Pre: ACh, Post: NE

2. Effector: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle

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17
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system: (2)

A
  1. Pre and Pst: ACh

2. Effector: smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle

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18
Q

Eye: pupil

A

Sympathetic stimulation: dilated

Parasym: constricted

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19
Q

Sweat glands

A

Sym: sweating
Parasym: none

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20
Q

Heart: muscle

A

Sym: increased rate
Parasym: slowed rate

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21
Q

Lungs: bronchi

A

Sym: dilated
Parasym: constricted

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22
Q

Gut: lumen

A

Sym: decreased peristalsis and tone
Parasym: increased peristalsis and tone

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23
Q

Blood vessels: skin

A

Sym: constricted
Parasym: dilated

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24
Q

Piloerector muscles

A

Sym: excited
Parasym: none

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25
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Sym: increased glycogenolysis and strength
Parasym: none

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26
Q

Regions of human brain (4)

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brainstem
  4. Cerebellum
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27
Q

Cerebrum

A

top outer wormy part

28
Q

Diencephalon (3 parts)

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. corpeous collosum
29
Q

Brainstem (3 parts)

A
  1. midbraind
  2. pons
  3. medula oblongotta
30
Q

Directions describing the brain

A

dorsal and ventral

31
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

separates the brain down the middle (top view)

32
Q

Fissure

A

deep sulcus (indentation)

33
Q

Sulcus

A

indentation

34
Q

Gyrus

A

worm like matter

35
Q

Cortex (gray matter)

A

outside for brain

36
Q

White matter

A

inside for brain

37
Q

Gray matter

A
  1. location of motor neurons (efferent)
  2. unmyelinated
  3. forms the CORTEX that covers the surface
  4. forms cerebral nuclei
38
Q

Gray matter (4)

A
  1. location of motor neurons (efferent)
  2. unmyelinated
  3. forms the CORTEX that covers the surface
  4. forms cerebral nuclei
39
Q

White matter (2)

A
  1. myelinated

2. deep

40
Q

Myelinated (2)

A
  1. quicker

2. has sheath (intact)

41
Q

Unmyelinated (3)

A
  1. slow
  2. no myelin sheath/protection
  3. no nodes of ranavier
42
Q

Cranial meninges (3)

A
  1. separate soft tissue from bones of cranium
  2. contain cerebrospinal fluid
  3. 3 main layers
43
Q

Cranial meninge layers (3)

A
  1. dura matter- thickest, outer
  2. arachnoid
  3. pia mater- thin, around brain and spinal cord
44
Q

Subarachnoid space contains

A

cerebrospinal fluid

45
Q

Periosteum does what

A

protects bone (skull)

46
Q

Ventricles of the brain (3)

A
  1. 2 lateral- cerebrum
  2. third ventricle- diencephalon
  3. fourth ventricle- goes down brainstem
47
Q

Ventricle

A

hollow cavities within the brain

continuous with one another

48
Q

All ventricles contain

A

cerebrospinal fluid

49
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (3)

A
  1. produced by epindymal cells
  2. formed in choroid plexus of ventricles
  3. clear, colorless liquid
50
Q

Functions of CSF (3)

A
  1. buoyancy- brain floats in it
  2. protection- liquid cushion
  3. environmental stability- transports nutrients, removes waste
51
Q

With out CSF….

A

the brain sits directly onto 12 cranial nerves (neck), BAD headache, puking, pain, unable to move

52
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

strictly regulates what substances are allowed to enter the interstitial fluids of the brain

53
Q

Functional areas of cerebrum (3)

A
  1. Motor areas- skeletal muscle (voluntary)
  2. Sensory area- awareness to sensation
  3. Association areas- working memory
54
Q

Frontal lobe functions

A

working memory, Broca’s area, complex problem solving

55
Q

Broca’s area

A

putting words together in speech

56
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

comprehending speech

57
Q

Occipital area

A

vision

58
Q

Diencephalon

A

emotions, thirst, sex drive

59
Q

Cerebral white matter contains

A

myelinated fibers and their tracts

60
Q

Concussion

A
  1. alteration of brain function
  2. short term
  3. ex- blow to the head
  4. the more it occurs, the worse they get
61
Q

Subdural/arachnoid hemorrhage

A
  1. bleeding into a cavity

2. increases pressure and compresses the brain

62
Q

Cerebral edema

A
  1. swelling of the brain

2. can be fatal

63
Q

Genetic: CVA

A
  1. cerebral vascular attack
  2. stroke
  3. starts in neck, affects one side of the body
64
Q

TIA

A
  1. transient ischemic attack
  2. mini stroke
  3. goes away, person affected is NORMAL in a few minutes
  4. small blood clot that fixes itself
  5. these people put on blood thinners to prevent a full on stroke
65
Q

Alzheimers

A
  1. plaque builds up in brain
  2. memory loss
  3. medications can help slow it down, but not cure
66
Q

PD

A
  1. parkinson’s dx
  2. degeneration of dopamine
  3. dopamine controls muscles
  4. tremors occur, lost function of body parts
  5. eventually, lost control of lung muscles and you suffocate and die

E: BIO 107 (17 decks)

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