Bio107-ch3lab4 Flashcards
Cell/plasma membrane
surrounds cell, regulates what goes in and out of it
Phospholipid bilayer
protects the cell, part of the cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer (2 parts)
- Head 2. Tails
Heads are
hydrophilic and on the outside
Tails are
hydrophobic and on the inside
Hydrophilic
likes water
Hyrdophobic
does NOT like water
Cholesterol adds ___ to the cell membrane
structure
Glycoprotein
helps the body recognize itself and organs (blood type, organ transplant- meds to trick the glycoprotein)
Functions of cell membrane (2 main)
- Transport 2. Enzymatic
Transport
read in book
Enzymatic
read in book
PASSIVE Membrane Transport (2)
going with the gradient
“go with the flow”
Passive membrane transport (3 main types)
- Simple diffusion 2. Facilitate diffusion 3. Osmosis
Simple diffusion- PASSIVE (3)
- no ATP req. 2. movement of O2 through cell membrane 3. perfume disperses after time & isn’t as strong
Facilitated diffusion- PASSIVE (3)
- no ATP req. 2. movement of GLUCOSE into cells 3. BIGger particles cannot go through normal channels in the cell membrane so they make NEW channels
Osmosis- PASSIVE
- no ATP req. 2. movement of WATER in and out of cells
Osmosis moves from- PASSIVE
high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis terms- PASSIVE (3)
- Isotonic 2. Hypotonic 3. Hypertonic
Isotonic
or equilibrium- same solute on both sides
Hypotonic
GREATER solute concentration
cell will SHRINK, water ENTERS cell
Hypertonic
LESS solute concentration
cell will SWELL/BURST, water LEAVES cell
ACTIVE Membrane Transport (3)
- REQUIRES ATP 2. Low concentration to high concentration 3. Going AGAINST the gradient/ swimming upstream
ACTIVE membrane transport (3 main)
- Exocytosis 2. Endocytosis 3. Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
moves/allows a substance to LEAVE the cell
Endocytosis
enables LARGE particles to ENTER the cell
Phagocytosis
they engulf BIGger things and moves them INTO the cell
CELL STRUCTURE
you got this girllllll ;)
Cytoplasm
the contents OUTSIDE the nucleus
Cytoplasm includes (2)
- Organelles- little organs 2. Cytosol- fluid
Mitochondria
power house of cell, ENERGY
Glycolysis formula
Glucose + O2 –> CO2 + H2O + energy
ATP =
ENERGY
Cristae- in MITOCHONDRIA
where most ATP is produced
ETC
ATP (3 parts)
- Glycosis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain
Glycosis- ATP
yields little ATP
Krebs cycle- ATP
yields a little more ATP than glycosis
Electron transport chain (ETC)- ATP
where we get a majority of our ATP
Cristae
ATP requires
OXYGEN in order for work
ATP full name
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP formula
ADP + P= ATP
Endoplasmic reticulum (2 types)
- Rough/Granular ER- has RIBOSOMES on it 2. Smooth/Agranular ER
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
Rough ER
makes the proteins that are imbedded into the plasma/cell membrane
Smooth ER
- In liver- lipid and cholesterol metabolism and detoxifies drugs 2. In testes- synthesis of steroid-based hormones
Golgi apparatus (3)
- “UPS center” 2. Modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins 3. SENDS proteins in secretory vesicles
Lysosomes (2)
- “Lysol” 2. Breaks down bacteria/viruses/toxins 2. Found in WBC, immune cells, and melanocytes
Peroxisomes
Neutralizes dangerous free radicals (to prevent cell mutation)
Cytoskeleton
“Skeleton” of cell, have filaments for cell structure & rigidity
Centrioles
involved in cell division
Cilia
“finger like hairs”
helps substances move through the cells
Nucleus
powerhouse of cell, contains genetic material
Chromatin
loose genetic material in nucleus (before division)
Chromosomes
when dividing, chromatin becomes dark rods or chromosomes
Nucleoli
small round bodies inside nucleus
Nuclear envelope
protects nucleus, has NUCLEAR PORES
Nuclear pores
regulate what passes through and goes out of the nuclear envelope
CELL DIVISION
lab 4 and part of lecture chapter 3
Interphase
long period where cells grow before dividing
clumps of dark in middle with nucleus
Prophase
chromatin condenses forming chromosomes
clumps of dark in the middle
Metaphase
chromosomes cluster in the middle in a line
Anaphase
the chromosomes in the middle start to pull apart
Telophase
the soon to be new 2 sister cells start to pull away (cleavage)
Cytokinesis
2 sister cells are produced (separate from each other)
Mitosis
division of copied DNA of the mother cell to 2 daughter cells