Bio107-ch2 Flashcards
Proton
pos. charge, in center
Electron
neg. charge, orbit
Neutrons
neutral charge, in center
Atomic # is equal to the
of electrons
How many electrons does a structure strive for?
8
Chemical bonds
hold atoms together to form molecules
Chemical bonds (3 types)
- Covalent bonds 2. Ionic bonds 3. Hydrogen bonds
Covalent bond (chemical)
SHARES electrons, strongest chemical bond
Covalent bonds (3 types)
- Single- strongest/stable 2. Double- medium strength 3. Triple- weakest bond
Ionic bonds (chemical)
TRANSFERS electrons, mid-strength bond
Ions are
charged atoms
Pos. and neg. atoms are called
Cations (p) and Anions (n)
Electrolytes and ____ are one in the same
salts
Hydrogen bonds (chemical)
holds water together, weakest bond (in this class)
A water molecule is held together by a
covalent bond
Bonding 2 water molecules is done using a
hydrogen bond
Organic compounds are (4 types)
- Proteins 2. Carbohydrates 3. Lipids 4. Nucleic acid
Organic means
containing carbon
PROTEINS
chains of AMINO ACIDS linked together with peptide bonds
Proteins ( 2 types)
- Structural- collagen 2. Enzymes- speeds up chemical reactions
Any word ending in -ase is an
enzyme
Anabolic
makes things SIMPLER more COMPLEX
Catabolic
makes things COMPLEX more SIMPLER
Amphibolic
goes BOTH ways, complex to simple- simple to complex
Enzymes are ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE meaning
they have specific needs for temperature, pH, pressure, and change of shape. if one of these things is off, then they stop producing
Mechanisms of enzyme action (4)
- Amino acids connect with an enzyme 2. Energy is absorbed and a bond is formed 3. Water is released 4. The new PEPTIDE BOND breaks away from the enzyme
Functional proteins TRANSPORT
hemoglobin in BLOOD and myoglobin in MUSCLES
How many amino acids are there in the body?
20
CARBOHYDRATES
sugars and their relatives
Carbohydrates (3 types)
- Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides
six carbons or less, highly soluble- hohos, white bread
Monosac (3 types)
- Triosecs 2. Pentoses 3. Hexosecs
Triosecs
3 carbons- adenose, ketoses
Pentoses
5 carbons- ribose, deoxyribose
Hexosecs
6 carbons- glucose (source of energy), fructose (sugars from fruit), galactose
Disaccharides
12 carbons, moderately soluble- whole grains
Disac (3 types)
- Sucrose (table sugar) 2. Lactose (milk sugar) 3. Maltose (malt sugar)
Polysaccharides
18 + carbons, slightly soluble to insoluble
Polysac (2 types)
- Amylose- starch 2. Cellulose- fiber
Which organ secretes sugar while you sleep to keep your blood sugar level stable?
liver
Glycogen
stores sugar for later use
LIPIDS
or triglycerides- fatty acid
If all bonds are single (straight line), then
saturated fats- harder to digest, bad
The more double bonds (kinks or curvy), the more
UNsaturated fats- easier to digest, not good but not bad
Nucleic acids
or nucleotides- building blocks, ATCF&U
DNA
deoxyribose nucleic acid
RNA
ribose nucleic acid