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E: BIO 107 > Bio107-ch6&7pt1 > Flashcards

Bio107-ch6&7pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton (4 structures)

A

“axis” of body

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton (3 kinds)

A

appendages

  1. Limb girdles
  2. Long bones
  3. Manus & Pes
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3
Q

Limb girdles (3 kinds)

A

connect long bones to axial

  1. Scapula & Clavicle
  2. Pelvis
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4
Q

Long bones (2 kinds)

A
  1. Upper- humerus, ulna, radius

2. Lower- femur, tibia, fibula

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5
Q

Manus

A

hand

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6
Q

Pes

A

foot

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7
Q

Classification of bones by shapes (4)

A
  1. Long bone- humerus
  2. Irregular bone- vertebra
  3. Flat bone- sternum
  4. Short bone- talus
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8
Q

Projection sites of MUSCLE & LIGAMENT attachment:

Tuberosity

A

large rounded projection

may be roughened

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9
Q

Trochantar

A

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (femur)

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10
Q

Line

A

narrow ridge of bone

less prominent than crest

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11
Q

Tubercle

A

small rounded projection or process

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12
Q

Epicondyle

A

raised area on or above condyle

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13
Q

Projections that help to form JOINTS:

Head

A

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

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14
Q

Condyle

A

rounded articular PROJECTION

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15
Q

Foramen

A

round or oval OPENing through a bone

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16
Q

Meatus

A

canal-like passageway

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17
Q

Fosa

A

shallow, basin-like DEPRESSION in bone

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18
Q

Functions of the Skeleton (5)

A
  1. Support for soft tissues
  2. Muscle attachment
  3. Protection from mechanical injury
  4. Calcium storage
  5. Hemopoiesis in red bone marrow (blood cell formation)
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19
Q

How to bones form? (2)

A
  1. Endochondral Bone Formation

2. Intramembranous Bone Formation

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20
Q

Endochondral Bone Formation

A

HYALINE cartilage is gradually replaced by BONE tissue

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21
Q

Intramembranous Bone Formation

A

BONE is deposited directly into sheets of dense fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE

NO CARTILAGE INVOLVED

22
Q

BOTH forms of bone formation form (2)

A

compact & spongy bone

23
Q

IntramemBF (3 kinds)

A
  1. Dermal bone formation
  2. Sesamoid bone formation
  3. Appositional bone formation
24
Q

IMBF- Appositional Bone Formation

A

within REGULAR dense connective tissue of PERIOSTEUM

long bones grow in WIDTH

25
Q

Hyaline cartilage is removed by

A

chrondroCLASTS

26
Q

Bone is deposited by

A

osteoBLASTS

27
Q

Bone is removed by

A

osteoCLASTS

28
Q

Rickets

A

soft decalcified bones in children

caused by a lack of Ca and VitD

29
Q

Adult form of Rickets

A

osteomalacia

30
Q

Bone & Calcium Metabolism process

A
  1. Ca in food enters digestive tract
  2. Ca is absorbed into bloodstream with assistance of VitD

Ca (in gut) —VitD3—> Ca (in blood)

31
Q

Vitamin D3 in kidney formula

A

1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D —Sunlight—> Vitamin D3

32
Q

When no new Ca is added to the body, osteoclasts ____ Ca from the bones until they become _____.

A

remove

decalcified

33
Q

Calcium metabolism is regulated by 2 hormones

A
  1. Calcitonin

2. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

34
Q

Calcitonin

A

secreted by thyroid gland

stimulates osteoBLASTS to deposit Ca in bones

35
Q

PTH

A

secreted by parathyroid gland

stimulates osteoCLASTS to remove Ca from bones

36
Q

Types of bone fractures (6)

A
  1. Transverse
  2. Oblique
  3. Spiral
  4. Angulated
  5. Displaced
  6. Angulated & displaced
37
Q

Steps in healing a broken bone (4)

A
  1. A hematoma forms
  2. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
  3. Bony callus forms
  4. Bone remodeling occurs
38
Q

Fractures that affect the epiphyseal plate cartilage (growth plate) are

A

considered more serious than adult breaks

39
Q

Osteoporosis

A

disease of bone when Ca is removed quicker than it is depositied

Osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts

40
Q

Lamellae (in bone)

A

Ring within a ring

40
Q

Lacunae

A

Houses lamellae and bone cells

40
Q

Canaliculus

A

Canals from one lamellae to another

40
Q

Epiphysis

A

ENDS of bones

Spongy bone-red bone marrow (hemopoiesis)

40
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a bone

Compact bone, sold with hollow cavity down the middle

Yellow bone marrow (fat)

40
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Birth - puberty: called epiphyseal PLATE, stays cartilage, GROWTH PLATE

After puberty: called epiphyseal LINE, stays as compact bone, no more growth

40
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

40
Q

Chondro-

40
Q

How many bones are in the skeleton?

40
Q

Trabeculae

40
Q

Endochondral bone formation process

A

Page 3 of pt 1 notes

41
Q

Weight bearing activity activates

A

Osteoblasts

E: BIO 107 (17 decks)

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