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E: BIO 107 > Bio107-ch5lab7 > Flashcards

Bio107-ch5lab7 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Integument (skin) is the

A

largest organ in the body (by weight)

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2
Q

Functions of the integument system (5)

A
  1. Protection- injury, infection
  2. Thermoregulation- shivering
  3. Receives environmental stimuli- nerves embedded in skin
  4. Excretion- waste removal
  5. Water balance
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3
Q

3 primary LAYERS of integument

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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4
Q

Epidermis- basic charateristics

A

stratified squamous epithelium

outermost layer, 5 layers within

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5
Q

Dermis- basic characteristics

A

dense IRREGULAR connective tissue

middle layer, hair follicles, nerve endings

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6
Q

Hypodermis- basic characteristics

A

areolar connective tissue with adipose cells

fat

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7
Q

Epidermis is composed of

A

keratinized (waxy) stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

Epidermis cell types include (4)

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Merkel cells
  4. Langerhans’ cells
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9
Q

Keratinocytes

A

produce fibrous protein keratin (wax)

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce dark brown pigment melanin

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11
Q

Langerhans’ cells

A

epidermal macrophages help activate the immune system

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12
Q

Merkel cells

A

touch receptors associated with sensory nerve endings

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13
Q

4/5 Layers of the Epidermis

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. *Lucidum layer- 5th layer, THICK SKIN ONLY
    2/3. Stratum granulosum
    3/4. Stratum spinosum
    4/5. Stratum basale
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14
Q
  1. Stratum corneum
A

20-30 layers of dead skin, superficial

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15
Q
  1. Lucidum layer
A

5th layer, thick skin only

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16
Q

2/3. Stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers thick

organelles deteriorating

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17
Q

3/4. Stratum spinosum

A

1-2 layers thick

desmosomes, “spiky shape,” where keratin is made

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18
Q

4/5. Stratum basale

A

deepest layer

stem cells, healthiest layer

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19
Q

Dermis is composed of

A

IRREGULAR dense connective tissue

2 layers- papillary & reticular

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20
Q

Dermis cell types (4)

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages
  3. Mast cells
  4. WBCs
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21
Q

Hypodermis is composed of

A

areolar & adipose connective tissue

subcutaneous layer

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22
Q

Areolar connective tissue anchors to

A

what is below it (tissue, bone, cavity)

23
Q

5 pigments that contribute to skin color

A
  1. Melanin
  2. Carotene
  3. Hemoglobin
  4. Cyan
  5. Jaundice
24
Q

Melanin

A

yellow- red- brown- black (genetic descent)

responsible for dark skin colors, freckles, moles

25
Q

Carotene

A

orange pigment

found in carrots, most obvious in palms and soles of feet

26
Q

Hemoglobin

A

reddish pigment, pink hues

found in RBCs, “color back in your face” after illness

27
Q

Cyan

A

blue/purple color

caused by a lack of O2 to tissues

28
Q

Jaundice

A

yellow color

buildup of bilirubin- liver disease, new borns

29
Q

Exocrine glands

A

have ducts that secrete products OUTSIDE

30
Q

Goblet cells secrete

A

mucous (exocrine glands)

31
Q

Endocrine glands

A

DUCTLESS, secretes products directly INTO the blood stream

32
Q

EXOcrine modes of secretion (3)

A
  1. Merocrine/Eccrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
33
Q

Merocrine/Eccrine

A

products are thin (not viscous)

diffuse through cell membrane (nervous sweat- palms, forehead)

34
Q

Apocrine

A

products are slightly viscous

exocytosis expels product (armpit & groin sweat glands- puberty, odorous)

35
Q

Holocrine

A

product very viscous

cell membrane ruptures, secretes cerumen (wax)

36
Q

Sebaceous glands secrete

A

sebum (oil)

Ex. oil from hair on scalp

37
Q

Characteristics of hair (3 main)

A
  1. Hair is filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells
  2. Has SHAFT projecting from the skin & ROOT embedded in the skin
  3. Pigmented by MELANIN from MELANOCYTES at the base of hair
38
Q

Functions of hair (3)

A
  1. Maintain warmth
  2. Light touch (air, insects, etc.)
  3. Protects scalp from trauma, heat loss, sunlight
39
Q

Hair is found everywhere on the skin except (5)

A
  1. Palms
  2. Soles
  3. Lips
  4. Nipples
  5. Portions of external genitalia
40
Q

Vellus

A

fine body hair found in children

“baby hairs”

41
Q

Terminal

A

coarse, long hairs

eyebrows, scalp, armpits, pubic regions

42
Q

First degree burn

A
  1. damages: EPIDERMIS
  2. color: pink/redish
  3. NO permanent damage
  4. heals: 1-7 days
  5. cause: mild sunburn, touching hot surface quickly
43
Q

Second degree burn

A
  1. damages: EPIDERMIS & DERMIS
  2. color: pink, red- water filled blisters
  3. MINOR permanent damage
  4. heals: 1-2 weeks min
  5. cause: excessive sunburn, touching pot on stove, cigarette burn, fire
44
Q

Third degree burn

A
  1. damages: ALL 3 layers
  2. color: pink/red/blisters, charred appearance (black/green)
  3. heals: months, may need skin graft

Fries your nerves, risk of infection, high risk of death, should go to hospital

45
Q

Rule of Nines

A

estimates fluid loss in burn patients using percentage of body surface burned

46
Q

Benign- skin cancer

A

common, not deadly

47
Q

Malignant- skin cancer

A

dangerous, cancer

MELANOMA

48
Q

Metastasis- skin cancer

A

ability to spread

49
Q

Acne

A

infection starting in oil glands and spreading to hail follice

50
Q

Furuncle

A

“boil” infection of dermis & hypodermis

51
Q

Vernix caseosa

A

milky coating that covers vellus hairs on a fetus after birth

52
Q

Lanugo

A

layer of very fine vellus hair on fetus that will shed off soon after birth

53
Q

ABCD rule for skin cancer screening

A
  1. Asymmetry- mole thats round throughout
  2. Border- smooth, clean edges
  3. Color- pale (noncancerous), dark (malignant)
  4. Diameter- should be no bigger than pencil eraser

E: BIO 107 (17 decks)

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