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9th grade > Bio Ch 4 > Flashcards

Bio Ch 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

DNA + Histones

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2
Q

What is a gene? What is its purpose?

A

Region on the DNA that codes for protein

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3
Q

What percentage of our DNA contains genes?

A

1-2%

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4
Q

What are the two major components of DNA?

A

Sugar and phosphate

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5
Q

What makes up the backbone of DNA?

A

Deoxyribose and phosphodiester

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6
Q

What does it mean to say the DNA runs “antiparallel”?

A

It runs in opposing directions (‘5 ->3’, ‘3 ->5’)

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7
Q

Be able to select a complementary base pair sequence of a strand of DNA → DNA and DNA → RNA. ATTG

A

UAAC

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8
Q

What are the four nucleotides of DNA? Which one is different from RNA?

A

DNA: A, T, G, C
RNA: A, U, G, C

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9
Q

What is the name of the bond that connects the base pairs of DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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10
Q

How many bonds exist between A-T? G-C?

A

A-T: 2
G-C: 3

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11
Q

What stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

“S” phase in interphase

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12
Q

Be able to name each stage of DNA replication, as well as the enzymes involved and their functions.

A

Unwind DNA: Helicase unwinds DNA
Add DNA: Primase- add RNA primer, DNA polymerase- add DNA nucleotides
Fix DNA: Ligase bind together

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13
Q

How is the leading strand unique from the lagging strand?

A

Leading: Continuous
Lagging: Discontinous

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14
Q

What does it mean to say the DNA is “semi-conservative”?

A

1 old strand, 1 new strand

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15
Q

What is the purpose of PCR? Gel electrophoresis?

A

PCR: Replicate DNA quickly
Gel electrophoresis: Identify similar DNA sequences

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16
Q

What is the basic building block (monomer unit) of a protein?

A

Amino acid

17
Q

How many amino acids exist? What are the three groups of every amino acid?

A
  1. Amino group, R-group, carboxyl group
18
Q

How is one amino acid unique from another? How is it the same?

A

R-group is different. The carboxyl and amino groups are the same

19
Q

What are the four roles of proteins

A

Cell-cell wall communication, structural support, enzymatic reactions, immune support

20
Q

What is the Central Dogma

A

DNA -> RNA -> Proteins

21
Q

What are the two major stages of protein synthesis? Where does each occur?

A

Transcription: Nucleus
Translation: Ribosome

22
Q

What is the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

A

Codon: Triplet sequence on mRNA (codon = AAA)
Anticodon: Triplet sequence on tRNA (anticodon = UUU)

23
Q

What is the purpose of tRNA?

A

Transfer amino acids and help form a protein

9th grade (32 decks)

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