BIO (cell transport) Flashcards
1
Q
This refers to the various ways by which different substances can be allowed to enter the cell.
A
cell transport mechanism
2
Q
refers to macromolecules or micromolecules
A
their SIZE
3
Q
refers to lipid-soluble molecules or not
A
their SOLUBILITY
3
Q
- Basically the diffusion of H2O
through a membrane - Since H2O molecules are small –
they can pass through membranes
(even non-polar part) - Follows the same principles of
regular diffusion (High to low
concentration)
A
osmosis
3
Q
refers to uncharged or charged molecules
A
their CHARGE
4
Q
- Mixing of materials by their own random motion
- Mixing occurs from an area of high to low concentrations
- Transport particles/molecules
through PHOSPOLIPID BILAYER - happens to small molecules and uncharged particles
A
simple diffusion
4
Q
- Movement of particles from HIGH to LOW concentration
- It doesn’t require energy (ATP)
- The molecules may or may not need to use protein channel or
carrier
A
passive transport
4
Q
Works by having channel proteins of different sizes (like a sieve) or ion channels
which allow larger, or charged molecules to diffuse in/out of cell
A
facilitated diffusion
4
Q
- If osmotic pressure gets
too much it can “burst”
a cell. This is called ….
A
plasmolysis
5
Q
- The cell can lose water
and “shrivel” this is
called …
A
crenation
6
Q
- Lets in/out molecules via membrane proteins which actively pump in/out molecules.
- Moves molecules in 1 direction AGAINST THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
- This requires energy from the cell.
- Example is the Sodium-Potassium Pump.
A
active transport
6
Q
- large particles exit the cell via ….
- Vessicle moves to and
merges with the plasma
membrane. - Vessicle ruptures
outwards, releasing its
contents
A
exocytosis
6
Q
- large particles enter cells via
- Membrane actively surrounds &
engulfs particle or fluid and forms
a vacuole
A
endocytosis
6
Q
cell drinking - involves liquids
A
pinocytosis
7
Q
Cell eating – involves large particles.
A
phagocytosis
7
Q
- ligands bind to specific receptors on cell surface (coated pits)
- Example: human cells take in cholesterol by
this process
A
receptor mediated endocytosis
